ESG 评级机构

World Benchmarking Alliance

官方介绍：

WBA Allies represent organisations working at global, regional, and local levels to shape the private sector’s contributions to achieving the SDGs. Echoing the true spirit of SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals, our Allies are committed to WBA’s mission, vision, and values, and believe in the power of benchmarks and cross-sector partnerships to drive systemic progress on the SDGs.

The benchmarks

Benchmarks provide an essential tool for measuring and comparing corporate performance on the SDGs. They equip financial institutions, companies, governments, civil society and individuals with the information they need to exert their full influence.

Methodology development

• Dialogue and research: The development of a benchmark’s methodology typically starts with the WBA benchmark team developing a methodology outline.
• Methodology development and review: This outline is then reviewed and discussed with the Expert Review Committee (ERC).

Social Benchmark Moving towards a world where companies value all people and leave no one behind.

The Sustainable Development Goals place people at the heart and promote an agenda that envisions a world where no one is left behind. To achieve the Goals by 2030, human rights must be respected, inequalities need to be tackled head on and the current societal structures that constrain people from living a self-determined life must be transformed.

• Gender Benchmark. The Gender Benchmark assesses and compares how companies are driving and promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment across their entire value chain.

• Corporate Human Rights Benchmark. Preventing adverse impacts on workers, communities and consumers is one of the most pressing challenges almost every company faces. We seek to tap into the competitive nature of the market as a powerful driver for change in confronting this challenge.

Food and Agriculture Benchmark

• Seafood Stewardship Index.We measure how the world’s leading seafood companies contribute to the sustainable management of our oceans and coastal ecosystems and ensure responsible social practices are implemented.

Climate and Energy Benchmark

The Climate and Energy Benchmark assesses the highest corporate carbon emitters. It measures their progress against the Paris Agreement and SDG 13, and inspires action for the low-carbon transition.

• Just transition. Assessing 450 of the world's most influential companies in high-emitting sectors on what they are doing to respect the rights of workers, communities and the most vulnerable as they work towards low-carbon goals

Nature Benchmark

The benchmark will rank keystone companies on their efforts to protect our environment and its biodiversity

Digital Inclusion Benchmark

The Digital Inclusion Benchmark tracks how companies are helping to advance a more inclusive digital economy and society.

Financial System Benchmark

The Financial System Benchmark measures and ranks the 400 most influential financial institutions on their contribution to a just and sustainable economy.

Urban Benchmark

Assessing and ranking the world’s most influential companies on their efforts to create resilient and sustainable cities where everyone can thrive.

MSCI

详细介绍，见本站：MSCI 评级

MSCI Inc. is an American finance company headquartered in New York City. MSCI is a global provider of equity, fixed income, real estate indexes, multi-asset portfolio analysis tools, ESG and climate products. It operates the MSCI World, MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI) and MSCI Emerging Markets Indexes among others.

The company is headquartered at 7 World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City, U.S. Its business primarily consists of licensing its indexes to index funds (ETF), which pay a fee of around 0.02 to 0.04 percent of the invested volume for the use of the index. As of 2023, funds worth over 13 trillion US$ were based on MSCI indexes.

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is a joint venture between S&P Global, the CME Group, and News Corp that was announced in 2011 and later launched in 2012. It produces, maintains, licenses, and markets stock market indices as benchmarks and as the basis of investable products, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, and structured products. The company currently has employees in 15 cities worldwide, including New York, London, Frankfurt, Singapore, Hong Kong, Sydney, Beijing, and Dubai.

The company's best known indices are the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), which were created in 1957 and 1896, respectively. The company also manages the oldest index in use, the Dow Jones Transportation Index, created in 1882 by Charles Dow, the founder of The Wall Street Journal.

S&P Global (formerly McGraw Hill Financial, Inc.), owner of Standard & Poor's, controls 73% of the joint venture, CME Group owns 24.4% through its affiliates.

Fitch Rating

Fitch Ratings is an international credit rating agency based in New York City and London. Investors use the company's ratings to determine which investments are less likely to default and yield a solid return. Fitch bases the ratings on several factors, such as what kind of debt a company holds and its sensitivity to systemic changes like interest rates.

S&P Global （CSA）

详细见本站：CSA 评级

• 自1999年以来，通过邀请全球范围特定企业填写问卷的形式，CSA 从 ESG 投资的角度衡量企业在经济、社会及环境三方面的可持续发展能力，形成了涵盖61个不同细分行业的ESG 标准体系。

• 富有ESG投资影响力的 DJSI 和标普 ESG 指数都是参考 CSA 评分结果进行评选的。

• CSA以0-100的分数量化企业年度可持续发展绩效，并精选分数排名靠前的企业纳入相关指数。

CSA专注于将企业可持续发展表现与经济绩效融合起来，经过20多年的变革与创新，目前形成的指标体系具有两大特点：

1. 除了反映行业共同面临的通用指标之外，指标体系的内容及权重还依照所属行业的不同有所调整，补充和完善了行业特性；

2. 以CSA评估问卷反馈作为评价企业表现的主要依据，以公司报告、媒体报道或是直接与公司联系等方式对问卷结果作必要验证，从而保证了分析数据的可靠性。

Morning Star

Morningstar, Inc. is an American financial services firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and was founded by Joe Mansueto in 1984. It provides an array of investment research and investment management services.

With operations in 29 countries, Morningstar's research and recommendations are considered by financial journalists as influential in the asset management industry, and a positive or negative recommendation from Morningstar analysts can drive money into or away from any given fund. Through its asset management division, the firm currently manages over US$295 billion as of March 31, 2023.

The firm also provides software and data platforms for investment professionals, including "Morningstar Research Portal", "Morningstar Direct" and "Morningstar Advisor Workstation".

Environment Performance Index

官方网站：https://epi.yale.edu/about-epi

The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) provides a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 40 performance indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on climate change performance, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality. These indicators provide a gauge at a national scale of how close countries are to established environmental policy targets. The EPI offers a scorecard that highlights leaders and laggards in environmental performance and provides practical guidance for countries that aspire to move toward a sustainable future.

EPI indicators provide a way to spot problems, set targets, track trends, understand outcomes, and identify best policy practices. Good data and fact-based analysis can also help government officials refine their policy agendas, facilitate communications with key stakeholders, and maximize the return on environmental investments. The EPI offers a powerful policy tool in support of efforts to meet the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and to move society toward a sustainable future.

Overall EPI rankings indicate which countries are best addressing the environmental challenges that every nation faces. Going beyond the aggregate scores and drilling down into the data to analyze performance by issue category, policy objective, peer group, and country offers even greater value for policymakers. This granular view and comparative perspective can assist in understanding the determinants of environmental progress and in refining policy choices.

Funding from the McCall MacBain Foundation of Canada supports the EPI work at both Yale and Columbia. The EPI research team is deeply grateful for this generous support.

REFINITIV

详情见本站介绍：REFINITIV

汤森路透(Thomson Reuters)ESG 风险评价体系旨在根据公司报告的数据， 透明和客观地衡量公司的相对 ESG 表现、 承诺和有效性，评分指标涵盖排放、 环保、 创新、 人权、 股东等 10 大主题。 该体系的特色是提出了综合 ESG 分数， 并在 ESG 分数的基础上对影响企业的重大 ESG 争议进行折算。

FTSF Russell

FTSE Russell is a subsidiary of London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) that produces, maintains, licenses, and markets stock market indices. The division is notable for the FTSE 100 Index and Russell 2000 Index, among others.

The brand and division FTSE Russell was introduced in 2015, while integrating the indexing services of FTSE index series and Russell index series. In the same year, LSEG sold Frank Russell Company's asset management division Russell Investments. Also in 2015, FTSE Russell acquired the corporate data company Mergent.

In December 2020, FTSE Russell announced that it would strip its indexes of eight Chinese companies in response to U.S. Executive Order 13959.

On 02 March 2022, in response to the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation and resultant sanctions, FTSE Russell removed all Russian securities from all FTSE Russell indexes.

ISS

本站介绍：ISS 评级

Founded in 1985, Institutional Shareholder Services group of companies (ISS) empowers investors and companies to build for long-term and sustainable growth by providing high-quality data, analytics and insight. ISS, which is majority owned by Deutsche Bourse Group, along with Genstar Capital and ISS management, is a leading provider of corporate governance and responsible investment solutions, market intelligence, fund services, and events and editorial content for institutional investors and corporations, globally. ISS’ 2,600 employees operate worldwide across 29 global locations in 15 countries. Its approximately 3,400 clients include many of the world’s leading institutional investors who rely on ISS’ objective and impartial offerings, as well as public companies focused on ESG and governance risk mitigation as a shareholder value enhancing measure. Clients rely on ISS’ expertise to help them make informed investment decisions.

RepRisk

RepRisk AG is an environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) data science company based in Zurich, Switzerland, specializing in ESG and business-conduct risk research, and quantitative solutions.

The company runs an online due-diligence database that allows clients to monitor and assess the risk exposure of companies, infrastructure projects, sectors, and countries related to 28 ESG issues.The issues are mapped to the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Materiality Map, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

On a daily basis, RepRisk assesses ESG risks such as environmental degradation, human rights abuses, child labor, forced labor, fraud, and corruption that can impact an organization's reputation, financial profitability, or lead to compliance issues. Financial institutions and corporations use RepRisk to prevent and mitigate ESG and business conduct risks related to their operations, business relationships, and investments.

The RepRisk database systematically identifies ESG risks by analyzing over 100,000 sources per day in 20 major business languages. As of July 2020, the database covered more than 150,000 public and private companies, and over 40,000 infrastructure projects reported to have links to ESG risks, as well as ESG risks related to all countries and 34 different sectors.It also includes data on ESG issues and topics, over 20,000 NGOs, and over 15,000 governmental bodies.

EcoVadis

本站介绍：EcoVadis

官方介绍：

EcoVadis provides holistic sustainability ratings service of companies, delivered via a global cloud-based SaaS platform.

The EcoVadis Rating covers a broad range of non-financial management systems including Environmental, Labor & Human Rights, Ethics and Sustainable Procurement impacts. Each company is rated on the material issues as they pertain to their company's size, location and industry.

These evidence-based assessments are refined into easy to read scorecards, providing zero to one hundred (0-100) scores, and medals (bronze, silver, gold), when applicable. Additionally, the scorecards provide guidance on strengths and improvement areas, which the rated companies may use to focus their sustainability efforts and develop corrective action plans to improve their sustainability performance.

To drive global supply chain sustainability, large multinational corporations partner with EcoVadis, leveraging the influence of spend as a "force for good" to push trading partners beyond compliance. The rated company can see how their score compares to the benchmark in their industry. Combining the scorecard results with improvement areas results in a "race to the top," in which whole industries compete to achieve global best practice.

Through the Enterprise subscription and associated services, EcoVadis provides an outsourced sustainability management platform that helps large organizations to: invite their trading partners to be rated; manage trading partners' performance; drive continuous improvement.

Purchasing organizations easily integrate EcoVadis Scorecards into their day-to-day business practices (such as vendor registration, compliance, sourcing, and supplier performance and relationship management), driving their organization to make more sustainable procurement decisions, while positively incentivizing trading partners that align with their sustainability practices.

To date, EcoVadis has rated over 75,000 trading partners worldwide, mitigating risk for some of the world's largest organizations, while positively impacting the environments, fostering transparency and driving innovation.

Alliance for Corporate Transparency

官方网站

The Alliance for Corporate Transparency brought together leading civil society organisations and experts to carry out the largest study on corporate sustainability reporting to date. The objective of the project is to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve and develop the EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD). This initiative also serves as an open platform to discuss policy proposals on corporate transparency with civil society organisation companies, and investors.

方法学：

The research methodology was designed drawing from the leading reporting standards and frameworks and putting them in relation with the requirements introduced by the EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive and related guidance. The research methodology is built on six elements:

1. Assessment of sustainability-related disclosures concerning company overall business models and governance.
2. For the four broad sustainability areas outlined in the Directive, the methodology identifies concrete issues for which there exists specific-enough guidance in international standards. These include:
   1. Climate Change
   2. Use of Natural Resources
   3. Pollution
   4. Waste
   5. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation
   6. Employee and Workforce
   7. Tax Transparency
   8. General Human Rights Disclosures with additional criteria for:
      1. Supply Chain Management
      2. Impacts on indigenous rights and communities
      3. High Risk Areas for Civil and Political Rights
      4. Conflict Resources
      5. Data Protection
   9. Anticorruption Policies
   10. Whistleblowing
3. In the EUKI research - evaluation of sustainability reporting of 300 companies in Central, Eastern and Southern European companies in 2020 - the methodology focused specifically on Climate Change, Use of Natural Resources, Pollution, and Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation.
4. For each issue, the methodology provides an assessment of whether the information provided on policies, their outcomes, risks and KPIs (which is the type of information required by the Directive) allow understanding of the individual situation of companies.
5. Within these categories the methodology provides additional qualitative assessment criteria derived from leading reporting standards. For example, in the climate change section, the methodology looks into the alignment of company policies with the goals of the Paris Agreement, of risk descriptions with the Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures, and of KPIs with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol methodology.
6. Individual sectors are assigned relevant sustainability issues by means of a materiality matrix. Key elements concerning disclosures on climate change, employee and workforce matters, general human rights matters, and anti-corruption matters were examined in each sector.
7. A separate set of questions is provided to examine information on sustainable business activities and sources of opportunity. This inquiry is aligned with the objectives and approach of the EU Sustainability Taxonomy.

Basis for the assessment criteria

List of standards, frameworks, guidance and resources considered in the development of the research methodology

European legislation and guidance:

• EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive
• European Commission’s guidelines on non-financial reporting
• European Commission’s updated guidelines on reporting climate-related information
• EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
• Conflict minerals or supply chain transparency regulation

Standards and reporting frameworks:

• FSB’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures recommendations (TCFD)
• UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP)
• UN Guiding Principles Reporting Framework
• Global Reporting Initiative Standards
• SASB standards
• UN Global Compact
• CDP
• World Federation of Exchanges ESG Guide & Metrics
• NASDAQ ESG Reporting Guide
• ILO Tripartite declaration
• OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and associated OECD Guidances for general and sectoral due diligence
• Corporate Human Rights Benchmark
• Future-Fit Business Benchmark

Calvert

Calvert Research and Management, established in 1976, is an investment management company that is headquartered in Washington, DC, and led by John Streur, the firm's President and Chief Executive Officer. Calvert is one of the largest responsible investment companies in the United States.

Mody's

穆迪公司（Moody's Corporation，常简称为Moody's），是美国三大信贷评级机构之一，创始人是约翰·穆迪（John Moody's），他在1909年首创对铁路债券进行信用评级。1913年，穆迪开始对公用事业和工业债券进行信用评级。目前，穆迪在全球有800名分析专家，1700多名助理分析员，在17个国家设有机构，股票在纽约证券交易所上市交易。

Global 100

官方网站

关于 Global 100

Since 2005, the Global 100 has been one of the world’s most valued and transparent rules-based sustainability ratings that emphasizes the impact of a company’s core products and services. It is the best-performing global sustainability index (ticker: CKG100), with more than 10 years of history. All publicly-traded companies with over US$1 billion in revenue are assessed across 25 key performance indicators, including % sustainable revenue, % sustainable investment, % taxes paid, carbon productivity, and racial and gender diversity. Companies engaging in “red flag” activities such as thermal coal, blocking climate policy and deforestation are disqualified. Our methodology illuminates the say-do gap. Only those companies making sustainable solutions a core part of their business offerings and allocating meaningful investments to reduce their carbon footprints make the grade.

关于 Corporate Knights

Corporate Knights Inc. is a leading sustainable-economy media and research B Corp. Founded in 2002 by Toby A. Heaps, Paul Fengler and Peter Diplaros, Corporate Knights is committed to advancing an economic system in which both people and the planet can thrive.

Our award-winning magazine, Corporate Knights, is a magazine of choice among business leaders, policy-makers and investment decision-makers. Published quarterly, Corporate Knights maintains an editorial focus on climate change, responsible investing, and the ideas, actions and innovations that shape a sustainable economy. With a circulation of 126,000+, our magazine is distributed in The Globe and Mail, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal.

Corporate Knights’ research division produces global sustainability rankings, research reports and financial product ratings based on corporate sustainability performance. Our flagship ranking is the Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World, released each year during the World Economic Forum.

方法学>>

GRESB

关于 GRESB，本站详细介绍.

GRESB，全称 Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark，即“全球房地产可持续评估体系”。

GRESB (formerly the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark) is the global standard for portfolio-level ESG reporting in the real estate sector.  GRESB’s goal is straightforward – to help real estate investors assess the ESG (environmental, social, governance) performance of their commercial real estate portfolios. Participating companies and funds annually provide data on everything from energy consumption to their diversity & inclusion practices and standards of governance. The result is a benchmark of ESG performance that will help drive efficiency and improvements. GRESB assessed more than 1,500 real estate entities representing $5.7 trillion in gross assets under management (AUM) around the world in 2021. And over 100 investors – many of the world’s largest pension funds and investment managers – use GRESB data and analytics in their business decisions, showing the value they see in this benchmark.

GGEI

官网>>

Global Green Economy Index™ (GGEI), covers 160 nations across 18 indicators, measuring both country progress on these indicators since 2005 and the distance of each indicator from globally established targets, where they currently exist. Scroll below for more information on why climate action is so urgent in the 2020s, an overview of the GGEI and use cases linked to ESG investing and other client engagements, as well as the latest aggregate results, video, audio, and other content to better understand how this product can enrich your work around data and sustainability. Sign up for our newsletter for periodic updates about the practice, including data packs and other insight from the Global Green Economy Index™ (GGEI)

The GGEI was the first green economy index, launched in 2010, and today is the most widely referenced product of its kind internationally, utilized by policymakers, international organizations, civil society and the private sector. Like many indices, the GGEI is used to benchmark performance, communicate areas that need improvement, and show diverse stakeholders how they too can promote progress. The GGEI is particularly relevant today as countries aiming to realize new emission reduction and sustainable development goals will require data and insight to identify the best pathways to a low carbon economy.

CSRHUB

CSRHub is a web based tool that provides access to employee, environmental, community and governance ratings on most major companies in North America, Europe and Asia. We are the first company to combine data from 10 of the premier socially responsible investment (SRI) analysis firms (also known as Environment, Social, Governance - ESG), and over 600 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), government agencies, news feeds, social networking groups, smaller for-profit organizations, and publishers. Our proprietary tools combine more than 590 million pieces of data on sustainability and CSR performance into a consistent set of ratings. We then allow users to personalize these ratings and  share them. Our site enables users to learn about and compare company sustainability and CSR behavior. We provide some ratings information for free and additional information to fee-paying subscribers.

CSRHUB Consensus ESG Ratings

CSRHub overall ratings are based on four categories: Environment, Employees, Community, and Governance categories. Each category has three subcategories. Environment –Environmental Policy and Reporting, Energy and Climate Change, Resource Management; Employees -- Diversity and Labor Rights, Compensation and Benefits, Training Health and Safety; Community – Community Development and Philanthropy, Human Rights and Supply Chain, Product; Governance –Leadership Ethics, Board, Transparency and Reporting. Review Our data schema for more information.

CSRHUB Consensus ESG Ratings Methology

Our objective is to provide consistent ratings of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance for as broad a range of companies as possible.

Given this objective, we face several methodological challenges:

1. Our sources track different topics in different ways. For instance, one source might measure how a company treats its community by measuring how much money it contributes to local charities. Another might ask if a company has programs that allow its employees to take time off for charitable work. A third source might count the number of charity board memberships held by the company’s board members. All are valid estimates of a single aspect of corporate social performance—and each might give a different reading for any given company.
2. Our sources each have their own rating and measurement methodology. Some sources given companies a numerical score (e.g., between 0.0 and 1.0). Some use “+” or “-” signs. Many sources offer only a relative ranking (e.g., “Top 50” or “Best Performing”).
3. Each source tracks a different universe of companies. Some sources cover only specific industries. Many sources focus on one region or a single country. None of our sources offer data on more than about 60% of the companies we cover.
4. Company performance changes over time. Many of our sources update their information only once per year. If a controversy arises regarding a particular company, it may take as much as two years for its effect to be reflected among all of our sources.
5. Some sources rate company subsidiaries or individual products. Our ratings are given at the parent level of a company. It is difficult to fit together sometimes conflicting ratings on a company’s subsidiaries or on its products.

Our rating system attempts to remove most of the above sources of bias and inconsistency, by using this approach

1. Map to a central schema. We have divided Corporate Social Responsibility performance into twelve subcategories. These subcategories roll up into four categories. We have established an open-ended number of special issue topics to hold CSR issues that do not fit our twelve subcategory schema. We map each element of data we receive from a data source into one or more subcategory and/or one or more Special Issue. For instance, if a data source reports that a company is involved in Burma, we include this information in our Leadership Ethics subcategory and in our “Involved in Burma” special issue. We have mapped over 5,000 data elements.

2. Convert to a numeric scale. We take each of our sources and convert it into a rating on a 0 to 100 scale (100 = positive rating).

3. Normalize. We compare the scores from different data sources for the same company. By analyzing the variations between our sources, we can determine their biases. We then adjust all of the scores from a source to remove bias and create a more consistent rating.

4. Aggregate. We weight each source based on our estimate of its credibility and value. We then combine all of the available data on a company and generate base ratings at the subcategory level. We then aggregate these ratings further to the category level.

5. Trim. We drop ratings when we do not have enough information. We currently do not rate about 20,859 companies for whom we do not have enough information.

6. We research each rated company and attempt to determine which industries it participates in. We gather contact information, a description of the company’s business, and the location of its Web site. This information allows us to create industry and country averages. We have set up our own industry category system, based loosely on the NAICS code structure.