ESG百科：术语与概念

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ESG的术语与概念

ESG: From A to Z.
本页面介绍 ESG 中出现的术语与概念。

An asset manager engaging with investee entities and leveraging their influence, sometimes unilaterally, at other times in partnership with other investors and entities, to advocate for positive change. Comprising engagement and (with corporates) voting, active ownership can generate outcomes that benefit clients and in many cases society, the environment and the broader economy.
资产管理公司与被投资实体接触并利用其影响力，有时是单方面的，有时是与其他投资者和实体合作，以倡导积极的变化。积极的所有权包括参与和(与企业)投票，可以产生有利于客户的结果，在许多情况下，还有利于社会、环境和更广泛的经济。

Adverse impacts 不利影响

Adverse impacts are the negative environmental and social effects of investment decisions. There is a wide range of factors to consider, from climate-related impacts such as pollution and carbon emissions to potential societal damage from poor human rights practices in investee companies. Various techniques can be used to identify adverse impacts caused by the investment process. These can include quantitative metrics and qualitative assessments.
负面影响是指投资决策对环境和社会产生的负面影响。需要考虑的因素很多，从污染和碳排放等与气候有关的影响，到被投资公司糟糕的人权做法可能造成的社会损害。可以使用各种技术来确定投资过程造成的不利影响。这些可以包括定量指标和定性评估。

SFDR mandates disclosure of principal adverse impacts statements from 30th June 2021. This will require asset managers to disclose how the principal adverse impacts of investee companies on sustainability factors are taken into account in the investment process. There will be a range of mandatory indicators ranging from carbon emissions, fossil fuel exposure and waste levels to gender diversity, due diligence on human rights and exposure to controversial weapons. These will be supplemented by additional voluntary indicators. Asset managers will need to disclose principal adverse impacts data at a fund level in 2022 and at an aggregated entity level in 2023.

SFDR要求从2021年6月30日起披露主要不利影响报表。这将要求资产管理公司披露在投资过程中如何考虑到被投资公司对可持续性因素的主要不利影响。将有一系列强制性指标，从碳排放、化石燃料暴露和废物水平到性别多样性、对人权的尽职调查以及接触有争议的武器。这些指标将得到更多自愿指标的补充。资产管理公司将需要在2022年披露基金层面的主要不利影响数据，并在2023年披露汇总实体层面的主要不利影响数据。

Article 6, 8 & 9 funds

第六、八和九条基金

The EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) aims to increase transparency in sustainable investment, partly to address the serious issue of greenwashing. The SFDR provides a framework for the disclosure of investment funds' sustainability characteristics and distinguishes between three types of funds, as laid out by Articles 6, 8 and 9 of the SFDR.

欧盟可持续金融披露条例(SFDR)旨在提高可持续投资的透明度，部分原因是为了解决严重的绿色洗白问题。《可持续发展报告》为披露投资基金的可持续性特征提供了一个框架，并区分了《可持续发展报告》第6、8和9条所规定的三类基金。

Article 6 funds do not integrate any kind of binding sustainability controls into their investment process.

第六条基金不在其投资过程中纳入任何具有约束力的可持续性控制措施。

Article 8 funds have binding environmental or social characteristics (i.e. these must be considered as part of the investment process), or a combination of the two. Companies in which investments are made must also follow good governance practices.

第八条基金具有具有约束力的环境或社会特征(即必须将其作为投资过程的一部分加以考虑)，或两者兼而有之。进行投资的公司还必须遵循良好的治理做法。

Article 9 funds have binding environmental or social characteristics and target a specific sustainability goal.

第九条基金具有具有约束力的环境或社会特征，并以特定的可持续性目标为目标。

Biodiversity 生物多样性

The variety of life on earth. Often used interchangeably with ”nature“. Biodiversity is crucial to the efficient functioning of ecosystems.”Natural capital“ is a wider term that also encompasses water, soil and air.

地球上生命的多样性。经常与‘Natural’互换使用。生物多样性对生态系统的有效运作至关重要。“自然资本”是一个更宽泛的术语，也包括水、土壤和空气。

Bloomberg ESG

Bloomberg ESG provides a “1 to 100” score to companies based only on their level of ESG and sustainability disclosure. Bloomberg does not indicate whether it has a mechanism for companies to verify information or provide feedback on their ESG disclosure score. Bloomberg ESG’s webpage is availablehere.

“彭博ESG”彭博ESG仅根据公司的ESG水平和可持续发展披露情况给公司打“1-100”分。彭博社没有说明它是否有让公司核实信息或就其ESG披露分数提供反馈的机制。

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) 碳捕获和封存(CCS)

An as-yet largely unproven technology that prevents the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by removing it before combustion or capturing it afterwards and storing it. Many climate models assume a materially positive impact from CCS, though it is unlikely to make a material contribution for some time.

一种在很大程度上未经验证的技术，它通过在燃烧前将二氧化碳去除或在燃烧后捕获二氧化碳并将其储存来防止二氧化碳释放到大气中。许多气候模型假定CCS会带来实质性的积极影响，尽管在一段时间内不太可能做出实质性的贡献。

Carbon footprint 碳足迹

The mass of greenhouse gas (normally consisting principally of CO2) created by an organisation or other entity. Other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane are included, measured as the mass of CO2 equivalent. In a portfolio context, the value of shares held over company market cap, multiplied by total carbon emissions for the company to give emissions "owned."

一个组织或其他实体产生的温室气体(通常主要由CO 2 组成)的质量。其他温室气体，如一氧化二氮和甲烷，也包括在内，以二氧化碳当量的质量衡量。在投资组合的背景下，持有的股票价值超过公司的市值，乘以公司的总碳排放量，得出公司的排放量是“拥有的”。

Carbon intensity 碳强度

In finance, carbon emissions divided by revenues. Carbon intensity has a different meaning in the context of, for example, electricity generation. Used as a metric to compare emissions performance within a sector and at the portfolio level.
在金融领域，碳排放量除以收入。例如，在发电方面，碳强度有不同的含义。用作比较部门内和投资组合层面的排放表现的指标。

Carbon neutral 碳中性

Achieving parity between emissions created and offsets. Carbon neutrality does not involve a commitment to reduce overall emissions. A business can achieve carbon neutrality even if the emissions it creates are increasing. In contrast, net zero is achieved by reducing the level of emissions a company creates with any residual amounts emitted matched by removal.

实现所产生的排放量与补偿之间的平衡。碳中和并不涉及减少总体排放的承诺。一家企业可以实现碳中和，即使它产生的排放量在增加。相比之下，净零的实现是通过减少公司产生的排放水平，以及与清除相匹配的任何剩余排放量。

Carbon offsetting 碳抵消

Offsetting is used by companies to compensate for their emissions by paying others to reduce emissions or absorb CO2. Offsetting can be either via `emission reduction‘ e.g. funding the roll-out of clean energy technology or "carbon removal" e.g. planting forests to sequester carbon out of the atmosphere. Most offsets available today are emission reductions, which are necessary but not sufficient to achieve and maintain net zero in the long run. Carbon removals scrub carbon directly from the atmosphere which can counteract ongoing emissions after net zero is achieved, as well as create the possibility of net removal for those actors who choose to remove more carbon than they emit. Companies should first take all possible steps to reduce their own emissions before relying on offsets.

碳抵消是公司通过付钱给其他人减少排放或吸收CO 2 来补偿自己的排放。抵消可以通过“减排”，例如为推广清洁能源技术提供资金，也可以通过“消除碳”，例如植树造林，将碳从大气中隔离出来。今天可用的大多数补偿是减排，这是必要的，但不足以实现并长期保持净零。碳清除直接从大气中清除碳，这可以抵消实现净零排放后正在进行的排放，并为那些选择清除比其排放更多的碳的行为者创造净清除的可能性。在依赖补偿之前，企业应该首先采取一切可能的措施来减少自己的排放。

Carbon pricing 碳定价

Putting a price on emissions of greenhouse gases to "make the polluter pay" for the negative externality of pollution. The two most frequently used approaches are emissions trading schemes and carbon taxes. The former tend to be more impactful than the latter. The first mandatory emissions trading scheme came into being in 2002. The first carbon taxes were implemented in 1990.

为温室气体排放定价，让污染者为污染的负外部性买单。最常用的两种方法是碳排放交易计划和碳税。前者往往比后者更具影响力。第一个强制性排放交易计划于2002年出台。第一个碳税是在1990年实施的。

Carbon removal 除碳

The process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it. Examples include nature-based solutions such as reforestation or capturing and storing carbon generated by an industrial process.

从大气中除去并储存二氧化碳的过程。例子包括基于自然的解决方案，如重新造林或捕获和储存工业过程产生的碳。

CDP

CDP was formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project. CDP solicits primarily climate-related information from companies annually by sending Climate Change, Water, and Forest Questionnaires. Companies that disclose information to CDP are assigned grades and are regularly benchmarked against their peers. CDP’s webpage is available here.

CDP的前身是碳披露项目。CDP每年通过发送气候变化、水和森林问卷向公司征求主要与气候有关的信息。向CDP披露信息的公司会被指定评级，并定期与同行进行基准比较。

Circular economy 循环经济

An economic model that aims to supplant the linear economic model by decoupling emissions from economic growth. Recycling, re-using, making better use of resources to keep materials in use rather than throwing them away and eliminating the vast amounts of waste created by the linear economic model are key elements of the approach.

一种旨在通过将排放与经济增长脱钩来取代线性经济模型的经济模型。回收、再利用、更好地利用资源以保持材料的使用而不是扔掉它们，以及消除线性经济模型造成的大量浪费是该方法的关键要素。

Clean tech 清洁技术

Any technology that reduces or eliminates a pollutant, whether climate related or not. Clean tech related to climate change includes technologies that use sustainable energy sources (such as wind, hydroelectric or solar power) and methods of increasing efficiency in existing systems (such as waste treatment or increasing electric grid efficiency).

任何减少或消除污染物的技术，无论是否与气候有关。与气候变化相关的清洁技术包括使用可持续能源的技术(如风能、水力发电或太阳能)和提高现有系统效率的方法(如废物处理或提高电网效率)。

Climate change 气候变化

Changes in average global conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Whilst natural factors such as solar activity, changes in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity can influence the climate, human emissions and activities have caused close to 100% of the warming observed since 1950, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's fifth assessment report.

全球平均状况的变化，如温度和降雨量，这是由于温室气体在地球大气中的积累。根据政府间气候变化专门委员会的第五份评估报告，虽然太阳活动、地球轨道变化和火山活动等自然因素会影响气候，但自1950年以来观测到的变暖，人类排放和活动几乎100%是由人类排放和活动造成的。

Climate Engagement Escalation Programme

气候参与升级方案

In February 2021 Aviva Investors launched a Climate Engagement Escalation Programme, focused on thirty of the largest carbon emitters globally. We have engaged with companies across the oil and gas, metals and mining and utilities sectors, requesting they establish robust transition roadmaps to net zero scope 3 emissions by 2050. The programme incorporates robust escalation measures (including ultimately divestment) for insufficiently responsive businesses.

2021年2月，英杰华投资者发起了气候参与升级计划，重点关注全球30个最大的碳排放国。我们与石油和天然气、金属、采矿和公用事业行业的公司进行了接触，要求他们制定强有力的过渡路线图，到2050年实现净零排放。该计划纳入了针对反应迟缓的业务的强有力的升级措施(包括最终撤资)。

Climate transition 气候转型

The transition to a warmer, low carbon economy. Planning for this includes preparing for social changes resulting from the impact that policy, technology, market and reputational changes will have.

向更温暖、低碳经济的过渡。对此的规划包括为政策、技术、市场和声誉变化将产生的影响而产生的社会变化做好准备。

Community investment 社区投资

Community investment includes cash donations, project costs and donations in kind (such as the cost of volunteering) to charitable organisations in a company's local areas. Aviva's community investment data is assured by PwC and reported annually in the annual report.

社区投资包括现金捐赠、项目成本和对公司当地慈善组织的实物捐赠(如志愿服务成本)。英杰华的社区投资数据由普华永道保证，并在年报中每年报告一次。

Controversies 争议

Issues of concern for investors across environmental (e.g. oil spill), social (modern day slavery in supply chain), or governance (corruption) areas. As these issues tend not to be reported in official company releases many data providers monitor news outlets and provide controversy ratings for large corporate universes.

投资者关注的问题涉及环境(如石油泄漏)、社会(供应链中的现代奴隶制)或治理(腐败)领域。由于这些问题往往不会在公司的官方新闻稿中报道，许多数据提供商监控新闻媒体，并为大型企业提供争议评级。

CO2e (or CO2-eq) 二氧化碳当量(或二氧化碳当量)

C02 equivalent. There are a number of greenhouse gases which warm the earth at different intensity levels such as water vapour (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Rather than providing metrics for each gas they are converted into C02e for reporting.

C0 2 等效项。有许多温室气体以不同的强度使地球变暖，如水蒸气(H 2 0)、二氧化碳(CO 2 )、甲烷(CH 4 )、一氧化二氮(N2O)、氢氯氟碳化合物(HCFC)、臭氧(O 3 )、氢氟碳化合物(HFCs)和全氟碳化合物(PFCs)。不是为每种气体提供指标，而是将其转换为C0 2 e以供报告。

COP26

The 26th conference of the parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which will be held in Glasgow in November 2021. The COP26 summit will bring parties (mainly governments) together to accelerate action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

《联合国气候变化框架公约》第26次缔约方大会将于2021年11月在格拉斯哥举行。COP26峰会将把缔约方(主要是政府)聚集在一起，加快行动，以实现《巴黎协定》和《联合国气候变化框架公约》的目标。

Corporate governance 公司治理

The systems and processes by which companies are controlled. Good corporate governance creates and maintains processes and controls to enable fair treatment of all key all stakeholders, including employees, shareholders, customers, supply chain and local communities.

控制公司的系统和流程。良好的公司治理创建并维护流程和控制，以确保公平对待所有关键的所有利益相关者，包括员工、股东、客户、供应链和当地社区。

CSR

CSR means Corporate Social Responsibility. CSR is generally used to describe the intersection between a company’s governance and its ethical obligations to the communities with which it interacts.

企业社会责任“指的是企业的社会责任。企业社会责任通常用来描述公司的治理和它对与之互动的社区的道德义务之间的交集。

D-G

DJSI

“DJSI” means the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, which was launched in 1999 and tracks the stock performance of the world’s leading companies in terms of economic, environmental and social criteria. See also “RobecoSAM CSA”.

道琼斯可持续发展指数“指的是道琼斯可持续发展指数，该指数于1999年推出，跟踪世界领先公司在经济、环境和社会标准方面的股票表现。另见“RobecoSAM CSA”。

Double Bottom Line 双重底线

“Double Bottom Line” means the inclusion of both quantitative and qualitative analysis embraced by socially conscious investors, which extends the traditional bottom line measuring financial performance to include a “second” bottom line measuring non-financial performance measures, such as positive social impact.

双重底线“指的是包括有社会意识的投资者所接受的定量和定性分析，它将衡量财务业绩的传统底线扩展到包括衡量非财务业绩衡量的”第二“底线，例如积极的社会影响。

Environmental Justice 环境正义

“Environmental Justice” is often defined as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies, although different organizations have their own unique definitions. The disproportionate impacts that Hurricane Katrina had on relatively poor areas, and the exposure of urban communities to environmental contaminants like lead, such as in the Flint, Michigan drinking water crisis, are often used as examples of environmental injustice.

环境正义“通常被定义为所有人在制定、实施和执行环境法律、法规和政策方面，无论种族、肤色、国籍或收入，都得到公平对待和有意义的参与，尽管不同的组织有自己独特的定义。卡特里娜飓风对相对贫困地区造成的不成比例的影响，以及城市社区暴露在铅等环境污染物中，例如密歇根州弗林特的饮用水危机，经常被用作环境不公正的例子。

Equator Principles 赤道原则

“Equator Principles” or “EPs” are a risk management framework adopted by financial institutions for determining, assessing and managing environmental and social risk in project finance. The EPs are primarily intended to provide a minimum standard for due diligence to support responsible risk decision-making. The fourth iteration of the Equator Principles are available here.

赤道原则“或”EPs“是金融机构为确定、评估和管理项目融资中的环境和社会风险而采用的风险管理框架。环境保护计划的主要目的是为尽职调查提供最低标准，以支持负责任的风险决策。赤道原则的第四次迭代可在此处获得

EU NFRD

“European Union Non-Financial Reporting Directive” means the European Commission’s requirement for large companies to disclose certain non-financial matters as part of their annual public reporting obligations, including anti-corruption, human rights, diversity, and environmental concerns.

欧盟非财务报告指令“是指欧盟委员会要求大公司披露某些非财务事项，作为其年度公开报告义务的一部分，包括反腐败、人权、多样性和环境问题。

EU Sustainable Finance Taxonomy

“European Union Sustainable Finance Taxonomy” means the European Union Taxonomy Regulation, which establishes a uniform classification system, akin to a glossary, to ensure that participants in financial markets have a shared language for assessing the environmental sustainability of various activities.

欧盟可持续金融分类“指的是欧盟分类条例，它建立了一个类似于词汇表的统一分类系统，以确保金融市场参与者在评估各种活动的环境可持续性方面拥有共同的语言。

GRI

“GRI” means the Global Reporting Initiative, an independent international organization that has been involved in sustainability reporting since 1997. GRI is the most widely used and most extensive voluntary reporting framework for ESG and sustainability topics. The latest version of its framework, the GRI Standards was published in 2016.

GRI“指的是全球报告倡议，这是一个独立的国际组织，自1997年以来一直参与可持续发展报告。全球可持续发展报告是关于可持续发展和可持续发展主题的使用最广泛、范围最广的自愿报告框架。其框架的最新版本GRI标准于2016年发布。

“GRI Standards” are a set of standards published by the GRI, which anticipate that companies will choose their own level of disclosure on a wide variety of ESG and sustainability topics and publish annual sustainability reports.

GRI标准“是GRI发布的一套标准，预计公司将就各种ESG和可持续发展主题选择自己的披露水平，并发布年度可持续发展报告。

Global Warming Potential 全球变暖潜势

From a climate science perspective global warming potential (GWP) was developed to enable a comparison of the warming impacts of different greenhouse gases. For example, CO2 has a GWP of 1, whereas methane's GWP is 24x (depending on timescales). At the asset manager level GWP has been adapted to align a company's historical and future emission trajectory (based on disclosed targets) to an implied temperature outcome. This can be aggregated up to the portfolio level to give the GWP of the portfolio.

从气候科学的角度来看，全球变暖潜势(GWP)是为了能够比较不同温室气体的变暖影响。例如，二氧化碳的全球变暖潜能值为1，而甲烷的全球变暖潜能值为24倍(取决于时间尺度)。在资产管理公司层面，GWP已被调整为使公司的历史和未来排放轨迹(基于披露的目标)与隐含的温度结果保持一致。这可以汇总到投资组合级别，从而得出投资组合的GWP。

Green bonds 绿色债券

Bonds where the proceeds are exclusively used to finance / re-finance green projects, as defined by the Green Bond Principles (GBP). Green bonds may be standard "use of proceeds" in nature, which gives bondholders recourse to the issuer's business and cashflows, or revenue / project bonds, which provide bondholders with recourse only to specific cash flows.
根据绿色债券原则(GBP)的定义，所得资金完全用于资助/再融资绿色项目的债券。绿色债券在本质上可能是标准的“收益使用”，它让债券持有人有权利用发行人的业务和现金流，或者收入/项目债券，它只向债券持有人提供对特定现金流的追索权。

Green finance 绿色金融

Any financial instrument or investment - including equity, debt or derivatives - used to finance projects and activities that deliver environmental benefits.

任何金融工具或投资--包括股权、债务或衍生品--用于资助产生环境效益的项目和活动。

Greenhouse gases (GHG) 温室气体(GHG)

Gases including carbon dioxide, water and methane that trap some of the heat the earth radiates back out into space, leading to the earth being warmer than it otherwise would be - hence the term the "greenhouse effect."

包括二氧化碳、水和甲烷在内的气体将地球辐射回太空的部分热量截留在一起，导致地球比其他情况下更温暖--因此有了这个术语--“温室效应”。

Greenwashing 洗绿

Falsely claiming or exaggerating sustainable characteristics or environmental benefits provided by a fund, business practice or company. Regulation such as SFDR in Europe aims, in part, to combat greenwashing by promoting greater standardisation within ESG investing. "Rainbowwashing" is the same idea, with regards to use of the Sustainable Development Goals.

谎称或夸大基金、商业惯例或公司提供的可持续特征或环境效益。欧洲的SFDR等监管规定，在一定程度上旨在通过促进ESG投资的更大标准化来打击洗白行为。就可持续发展目标的使用而言，“彩虹洗涤”也是同样的理念。

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IIRC （IFRS旗下）

“IIRC” means the International Integrated Reporting Council. The IIRC formed the Integrated Reporting Framework, which seeks for companies to calculate and publish in consolidated reports their contributions to, and impacts on, six “capitals”: financial capital, manufactured capital, intellectual capital, human capital, social and relationship capital, and natural capital. The International Integrated Reporting Council’s webpage is available here.

IIRC 系指国际综合报告理事会。IIRC形成了综合报告框架，旨在让公司计算并在综合报告中公布其对六个“资本”的贡献和影响：金融资本、制造资本、智力资本、人力资本、社会和关系资本以及自然资本。

ISS

“ISS” means Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc., which launched an Environmental & Social QualityScore Disclosure and Transparency Signal scoring tool that provides a metric for institutional investors to use, together with ISS’ Governance QualityScore, to more fully evaluate the ESG risk of their portfolio companies. ISS’ webpage is available here.

IR 综合报告

“Integrated Reporting” or “IR” is the process that results in the communication of a company’s performance and strategy across a broad array of ESG factors, with equal weight given to financial and non-financial data, and with the interests of investors and other stakeholders considered equally. Integrated reporting is the goal of many that push for greater ESG disclosure—the aim is to redefine the concept of “materiality” in public reporting.

综合报告“或”IR“是一种过程，其结果是通过广泛的ESG因素传达公司的业绩和战略，对财务和非财务数据给予同等重视，并平等考虑投资者和其他利益相关者的利益。综合报告是推动更多ESG披露的许多人的目标--目的是重新定义公共报告中的“实质性”概念。

ISO 26000

“ISO 26000” means the International Organization for Standardization Standard 26000. The ISO publishes many different operational standards for companies, with ISO 26000 covering “socially responsible” processes that companies may implement and report. The International Organization for Standardization Standard 26000 webpage is available here.

国际标准化组织26000“指国际标准化组织标准26000。国际标准化组织为企业发布了许多不同的操作标准，其中26000涵盖了企业可能实施和报告的”对社会负责的“流程。

Impact investing 影响力投资

Definitions of impact investing vary but in essence an impact investment or impact fund needs to meet three key criteria. Firstly, showing intentionality to have a positive impact. Secondly, identifying additionality to ensure the investment is adding a positive impact that wasn't there in the first place. Thirdly, measuring the impact both quantitatively and / or qualitatively. Historically impact investing has been predominantly done as philanthropic or early stage investment (venture capital or private equity) but impact investing is now growing into public markets. According to the Impact Management Project, a global network advocating for impact investing, any investment has an impact - positive or negative - and therefore impact investment analysis should be done across all portfolios.

影响力投资的定义各不相同，但本质上，影响力投资或影响力基金需要满足三个关键标准。首先，表现出意向性，以产生积极影响。其次，确定额外性，以确保投资增加了一开始就没有的积极影响。第三，定量和/或定性地衡量影响。从历史上看，影响投资主要是作为慈善或早期投资(风险资本或私募股权)进行的，但现在影响投资正在发展为公开市场。根据倡导影响投资的全球网络影响管理项目，任何投资都有影响--无论是积极的还是消极的--因此应该对所有投资组合进行影响投资分析。

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)

A UN body consisting of hundreds of the world's top climate scientists and related experts. The IPCC's work has in the past been approved by governments accounting for the majority of the Earth's population.

这是一个由数百名世界顶尖气候科学家和相关专家组成的联合国机构。过去，政府间气候变化专门委员会的工作得到了占地球人口大多数的政府的批准。

International Platform for Climate Finance (IPCF)

气候融资国际平台(IPCF)

The international community lacks a comprehensive strategy to transition finance to support the Paris Agreement and ensure that markets amplify - rather than undermine - global climate goals. This is something the IPCF would provide. This idea is backed by a coalition of over a hundred partners and these ideas are being put forward to key stakeholders in the UK and globally ahead of the G20 and C0P26 summits.

国际社会缺乏一个全面的战略来过渡资金，以支持《巴黎协定》，并确保市场放大--而不是破坏--全球气候目标。这是IPCF将提供的东西。这一想法得到了100多个合作伙伴联盟的支持，这些想法正在G20和C0P26峰会之前向英国和全球的关键利益攸关方提出。

MSCI

“MSCI”, or “Morgan Stanley Capital International” seeks to rate companies based on ESG risks and management’s response to those risks. MSCI considers 37 ESG indicators in its ratings. Data is collected from publicly available sources and monitored on an ongoing basis, but each company also receives an annual in-depth review. MSCI has a formal data verification process that companies may use to verify and comment on data. MSCI’s webpage is available here.

摩根士丹利资本国际寻求根据ESG风险和管理层对这些风险的反应对公司进行评级。MSCI明晟在其评级中考虑了37个ESG指标。这些数据是从公开的来源收集的，并持续进行监测，但每家公司也会收到年度深入审查。MSCI有一个正式的数据验证流程，公司可以用来验证数据并对数据发表评论。

Natural capital 自然资本

The world's stock of natural assets, including all living things, soil, air, water and geological assets. It is from this natural capital that humans derive a wide range of services (often called ecosystem services) which make human life possible (World Forum on Natural Capital).

世界自然资产存量，包括所有生物、土壤、空气、水和地质资产。正是从这种自然资本中，人类获得了使人类生活成为可能的各种服务(通常称为生态系统服务)(自然资本世界论坛)。

Net Zero Asset Owner Alliance 净零资产所有者联盟

A United Nations convened group of 42 institutional investors who have committed to transitioning their investment portfolios to Net Zero GHG emissions by 2050..

联合国召集了42名机构投资者，他们承诺到2050年将他们的投资组合转变为温室气体净零排放。

Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative

净零资产经理计划

A group of 128 asset managers, with USD43 trn in AU M, that is committed to supporting the goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 or sooner. This is in line with global efforts to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius and to supporting investing aligned with net zero emissions by 2050 or sooner.

由128家资产管理公司组成的集团，在AU M拥有43美元的TRN，致力于支持到2050年或更早实现温室气体净零排放的目标。这与全球努力将全球变暖控制在1.5摄氏度以内，以及支持到2050年或更早实现净零排放的投资是一致的。

Net Zero target 净零目标

Net zero is achieved by reducing the level of emissions a company or country creates with any residual amounts emitted matched by removal. An entity commits to make net zero carbon emissions by a specific date (often 2050), at which point having reduced emissions as much as possible, any carbon dioxide which continues to be released into the atmosphere is balanced by an at least equivalent amount being removed.

净零是通过减少公司或国家产生的排放量以及任何剩余排放量与清除量相匹配来实现的。一个实体承诺在特定日期(通常是2050年)实现净零碳排放，在这一点上，尽可能减少排放，继续排放到大气中的任何二氧化碳都将得到至少等量的清除量的平衡。

Norms-based exclusions 基于规范的排除

Excluding securities from an investment universe due to a lack of compliance with established international standards, such as those comprising the UN Global Compact.
将证券排除在投资领域之外，原因是不遵守既定的国际标准，如构成《联合国全球契约》的标准。

Negative emissions technologies 负排放技术

Technologies that enable carbon to be removed from the atmosphere e.g. machines that capture carbon dioxide from the air and sequester it.

能够从大气中去除碳的技术，例如，从空气中捕获二氧化碳并将其隔离的机器。

Negative Screening

“Negative Screening” means the strategy of avoiding investing in companies whose products and business practices are harmful to individuals, communities, or the environment. It is a common mistake to assume that SRI “screening” is simply exclusionary, or only involves negative screens. In reality, SRI screens are being used more and more frequently to identify and invest in companies that are leaders in adopting clean technologies, managing environmental impacts, and integrating exceptional social and governance practices.

负面筛选“是指避免投资于其产品和商业行为对个人、社区或环境有害的公司的战略。假设SRI的“筛选”只是排他性的，或者只涉及负片筛选，这是一个常见的错误。事实上，SRI屏幕越来越多地被用于识别和投资在采用清洁技术、管理环境影响和整合特殊社会和治理做法方面处于领先地位的公司。

NFRD

“NFRD” means the European Union Non-Financial Reporting Directive; please see the entry in this glossary, available here, for more detail.

"NFRD“是指欧盟非财务报告指令。

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OECD MNEs

“OECD MNEs” are the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. The OECD MNEs provide “recommendations for responsible business conduct in a global context” and recommend for multinational companies to take specific actions with regards to human rights, employment, the environment, corruption, consumers, science and technology, competition, and taxation. The OECD MNEs are available here.

"OECD跨国公司“是经济合作与发展组织的跨国企业指南。经合组织跨国公司提供“在全球范围内负责任的商业行为的建议”，并建议跨国公司在人权、就业、环境、腐败、消费者、科学和技术、竞争和税收方面采取具体行动。

Paris Agreement 《巴黎协定》

A breakthrough international treaty on climate change adopted at COP21 in Paris in 2015. Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. The Paris Agreement was successful where other international accords failed partly due to adopting a system of voluntary pledges to reduce emissions. These Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) were a departure from the legally binding commitments of earlier treaties. Current NDCs put the world on a path to around 3 degrees above pre-industrial levels. However, key to the Paris Agreement is the "ratchet" mechanism, which calls for revised pledges every five years with the expectation that these will be increasingly ambitious. The first global stocktake will take place in 2023. Such "name and shame" approaches have been successfully used in international policy in the past.

2015年在巴黎举行的第21届缔约方会议上通过了一项突破性的气候变化国际条约。其目标是将全球变暖控制在远低于2摄氏度的水平，最好是1.5摄氏度，而不是工业化前的水平。在其他国际协定失败的情况下，《巴黎协定》是成功的，部分原因是采用了一种自愿承诺减排的制度。这些由国家决定的捐款背离了先前条约中具有法律约束力的承诺。目前的国家发展数据使世界走上了比工业化前水平高出约3摄氏度的道路。然而，《巴黎协定》的关键是“棘轮”机制，它要求每五年修订一次承诺，并期望这些承诺将变得越来越雄心勃勃。第一次全球库存评估将于2023年进行。过去，这种“指名道姓”的做法在国际政策中得到了成功的运用。

PACTA

“PACTA” means the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment, a tool developed by 2DII to allow investors and financial institutions to assess the extent to which their portfolios’ attributable GHG emissions are aligned with certain climate scenarios and allow such institutions to stress test their portfolios.

"PACTA“指的是巴黎协定资本过渡评估，这是一种由2DII开发的工具，允许投资者和金融机构评估其投资组合的可归因性温室气体排放与某些气候情景相一致的程度，并允许此类机构对其投资组合进行压力测试。

PCAF

“PCAF” means the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, a partnership within the financial sector to develop and implement a consistent approach for the accounting and disclosure of GHG emissions associated with financial institutions’ loans and investments. For more information, please see our post on this topic here.
PCAF“指的是碳会计财务伙伴关系，这是金融部门内的一个伙伴关系，旨在制定和实施与金融机构贷款和投资相关的温室气体排放的核算和披露的一致方法。

Principles for Responsible Banking

负责任银行原则“是指与联合国协调为银行制定的一套指导方针，以便将ESG和可持续性问题纳入其决策。有关负责任银行原则的更多信息，请访问他们的网页。这六项原则是：

Principle 1: We will align our business strategy to be consistent with and contribute to individuals’ needs and society’s goals, as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement and relevant national and regional frameworks.
原则1：我们将调整我们的业务战略，以符合可持续发展目标、巴黎气候协定以及相关国家和区域框架中表达的个人需求和社会目标，并为其做出贡献。
Principle 2: We will continuously increase our positive impacts while reducing the negative impacts on, and managing the risks to, people and environment resulting from our activities, products and services. To this end, we will set and publish targets where we can have the most significant impacts.
原则2：我们将不断增加我们的积极影响，同时减少我们的活动、产品和服务对人和环境的负面影响，并管理其风险。为此，我们将制定和公布我们能够产生最重大影响的目标。
Principle 3: We will work responsibly with our clients and our customers to encourage sustainable practices and enable economic activities that create shared prosperity for current and future generations.
原则3：我们将与我们的客户和客户负责任地合作，鼓励可持续的做法，并使经济活动能够为今世后代创造共同繁荣。
Principle 4: We will proactively and responsibly consult, engage and partner with relevant stakeholders to achieve society’s goals.
原则4：我们将主动和负责任地与相关利益攸关方协商、接触和合作，以实现社会目标。
Principle 5: We will implement our commitment to these Principles through effective governance and a culture of responsible banking.
原则5：我们将通过有效的治理和负责任的银行文化来履行我们对这些原则的承诺。
Principle 6: We will periodically review our individual and collective implementation of these Principles and be transparent about and accountable for our positive and negative impacts and our contribution to society’s goals.
原则6：我们将定期审查我们个人和集体对这些原则的执行情况，对我们的积极和消极影响以及我们对社会目标的贡献保持透明并对其负责。

Poseidon Principles

“Poseidon Principles” means the global framework for assessment and disclosure of the climate alignment of ship finance portfolios. The framework was designed to be consistent with the policies and goals of the International Maritime Organization, including the ambition to reduce annual GHG emissions from the shipping sector by at least 50% by 2050.

海神号原则是指评估和披露船舶融资组合的气候一致性的全球框架。该框架的设计符合国际海事组织的政策和目标，包括到2050年将航运业每年温室气体排放量减少至少50%的雄心。

Positive Screening

“Positive Screening” means the act of including strong CSR performers or otherwise incorporating positive CSR factors into the investment analysis process. Generally, socially conscious investors seek to own profitable companies that make positive contributions to society, and avoid those that do not. “Buy” lists may include enterprises with, for example, good employer-employee relations, strong environmental practices, products that are safe and useful, and operations that respect human rights around the world.

正面筛选法是指将优秀的企业社会责任表现者纳入投资分析过程或以其他方式将积极的企业社会责任因素纳入投资分析过程的行为。一般来说，有社会意识的投资者寻求持有对社会做出积极贡献的有利可图的公司，而避开那些对社会做出积极贡献的公司。“购买”名单可能包括，例如，良好的雇主-雇员关系，强有力的环境实践，安全和有用的产品，以及在世界各地尊重人权的业务。

PRB 负责任银行原则

“Principles for Responsible Banking” refers to the set of guidelines developed in coordination with the United Nations for banks to incorporate ESG and sustainability issues in their decision-making. More information on the Principles for Responsible Banking is available on their webpag ehere. The six principles are:
负责任银行原则“是指与联合国协调为银行制定的一套指导方针，以便将ESG和可持续性问题纳入其决策。有关负责任银行原则的更多信息，请访问他们的网页。这六项原则是：

Principle 1: We will align our business strategy to be consistent with and contribute to individuals’ needs and society’s goals, as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement and relevant national and regional frameworks.
原则1：我们将调整我们的业务战略，以符合可持续发展目标、巴黎气候协定以及相关国家和区域框架中表达的个人需求和社会目标，并为其做出贡献。
Principle 2: We will continuously increase our positive impacts while reducing the negative impacts on, and managing the risks to, people and environment resulting from our activities, products and services. To this end, we will set and publish targets where we can have the most significant impacts.
原则2：我们将不断增加我们的积极影响，同时减少我们的活动、产品和服务对人和环境的负面影响，并管理其风险。为此，我们将制定和公布我们能够产生最重大影响的目标。
Principle 3: We will work responsibly with our clients and our customers to encourage sustainable practices and enable economic activities that create shared prosperity for current and future generations.
原则3：我们将与我们的客户和客户负责任地合作，鼓励可持续的做法，并使经济活动能够为今世后代创造共同繁荣。
Principle 4: We will proactively and responsibly consult, engage and partner with relevant stakeholders to achieve society’s goals.
原则4：我们将主动和负责任地与相关利益攸关方协商、接触和合作，以实现社会目标。
Principle 5: We will implement our commitment to these Principles through effective governance and a culture of responsible banking.
原则5：我们将通过有效的治理和负责任的银行文化来履行我们对这些原则的承诺。
Principle 6: We will periodically review our individual and collective implementation of these Principles and be transparent about and accountable for our positive and negative impacts and our contribution to society’s goals.
原则6：我们将定期审查我们个人和集体对这些原则的执行情况，对我们的积极和消极影响以及我们对社会目标的贡献保持透明并对其负责。

Formal implementation of these principles requires the disclosure of certain assessment and reporting information.
正式执行这些原则需要披露某些评估和报告信息。

PRI 负责任投资原则

“Principles for Responsible Investment” refers to the organization that established a set of guidelines in coordination with the United Nations for investors to incorporate ESG and sustainability issues in their decision-making and to seek disclosure from companies in which they invest. More information on the Principles for Responsible Investment is available on their webpagehere. The six principles are:
《负责任投资原则》是指与联合国协调制定了一套指导方针的组织，让投资者将ESG和可持续性问题纳入他们的决策，并征求所投资公司的披露。有关《负责任投资原则》的更多信息，请访问他们的网页。这六项原则是：

Principle 1: We will incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes.
原则1：我们将把ESG问题纳入投资分析和决策过程。
Principle 2: We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices.
原则2：我们将成为积极的所有者，并将ESG问题纳入我们的所有权政策和实践。
Principle 3: We will seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest.
原则3：我们将寻求我们投资的实体对ESG问题的适当披露。
Principle 4: We will promote acceptance and implementation of the Principles within the investment industry.
原则4：我们将促进这些原则在投资行业内的接受和实施。
Principle 5: We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles.
原则5：我们将共同努力，提高落实原则的有效性。
Principle 6: We will each report on our activities and progress towards implementing the Principles.
原则6：我们将各自报告我们在执行这些原则方面的活动和进展情况。

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RobecoSAM CSA

“RobecoSAM CSA” is the RobecoSAM Corporate Sustainability Assessment, which is an ESG and sustainability questionnaire that is sent to companies annually. RobecoSAM uses the results of the questionnaire to benchmark companies, provide a sustainability score, and to create the DJSI (defined elsewhere in this glossary). RobecoSAM allows companies who pay for their services to receive individual feedback and to discuss their scores with a RobecoSAM representative. The RobecoSAM webpage is availablehere.
RobecoSAM CSA 是RobecoSAM企业可持续发展评估，这是一份ESG和可持续发展调查问卷，每年向公司发送。RobecoSAM使用调查问卷的结果对公司进行评级，提供可持续发展分数，并创建DJSI(在本术语表中的其他地方定义)。RobecoSAM允许为其服务付费的公司接收个人反馈，并与RobecoSAM代表讨论他们的分数。

SASB

“SASB” means the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. The SASB finalized industry-specific voluntary reporting frameworks for “material” ESG and sustainability topics in late 2018. The SASB encourages companies to disclose “material” ESG and sustainability information on identified topics in annual financial reports. SASB’s webpage is available here.
SASB 系指可持续发展会计准则委员会。2018年底，SASB敲定了针对“实质性”ESG和可持续性专题的特定行业自愿报告框架。国资委鼓励企业在年度财务报告中披露已确定主题的“实质性”ESG和可持续性信息。

Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi)

以科学为基础的目标倡议(SBTI)

The Science Based Targets initiative is a collaboration between the United Nations Global Compact, CDP (a global disclosure system), the World Resources Institute and the World-Wide Fund for Nature. The initiative is highly respected and defines and promotes best practice in science-based target pathway setting. Offering a range of target-setting resources and guidance to set science aligned targets for operations, supply chain and more recently investments, the SBTi independently assesses and approves companies' targets in line with its strict criteria. If a company's target is a `SBT', it means it meets credible standards for being a meaningful target in line with the Paris Agreement.

以科学为基础的目标倡议是联合国全球契约、CDP(全球信息披露系统)、世界资源研究所和世界自然基金会之间的合作。该倡议受到高度尊重，并确定和促进了以科学为基础的目标路径设定方面的最佳做法。SBTI提供一系列目标设定资源和指导，为运营、供应链和最近的投资设定科学一致的目标，根据其严格的标准独立评估和批准公司的目标。如果一家公司的目标是‘SBT’，这意味着它符合根据《巴黎协定》成为有意义的目标的可信标准。

Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions

排放范围1、2和3

Greenhouse gas emissions are categorised into three groups or `Scopes'. Scope 1 covers direct emissions e.g. burning of natural gas and company-owned vehicle emissions. Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam and heating. Scope 3 includes 15 other categories of indirect emissions in a company's value chain, including use of a company's products by customers (highly relevant for fossil fuel producers), as well as emissions in the supply chain (highly relevant for food manufacturers). Scope 3 emissions are key for asset managers as this is where the impact of investments is accounted for.

温室气体排放分为三类或“范围”。范围1包括直接排放，例如燃烧天然气和公司拥有的车辆排放的废气。范围2包括购买电力、蒸汽和供暖产生的间接排放。范围3包括公司价值链中的其他15类间接排放，包括客户使用公司产品(与化石燃料生产商高度相关)，以及供应链中的排放(与食品制造商高度相关)。范围3排放是资产管理公司的关键，因为这是考虑投资影响的地方。

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

可持续发展目标(SDGs)

17 global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all." They were set in 2015 by the United Nations, cover mainly environmental and social issues and are meant to be achieved by 2030. Many firms use them to orient their initiatives on issues relating to sustainability.
17个全球目标，旨在成为“为所有人实现更美好和更可持续的未来的蓝图”。它们是由联合国于2015年制定的，主要涵盖环境和社会问题，预计将在2030年实现。许多公司使用它们来将他们的倡议定位于与可持续发展相关的问题。

Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR)

可持续财务披露监管(SFDR)

A set of European Union rules that came into effect on March 10, 2021, with the goal of making the sustainability profile of funds more comparable and easier for investors to understand. They categorise products into specific types and include metrics for assessing the ESG impacts of funds' investment processes.

2021年3月10日生效的一套欧盟规则，目的是让基金的可持续性状况更具可比性，更容易让投资者理解。它们将产品分类为特定类型，并包括评估基金投资过程的ESG影响的指标。

As the name suggests, this regulation will place much more emphasis on disclosure. SFDR is part of the EU's wider Sustainable Finance Framework, which is backed by a broad set of new and enhanced regulations that will apply across the region. The framework includes the Sustainable Finance Action Plan, which aims to promote sustainable investment across the EU, and a new Taxonomy to categorise economic activity through a sustainability lens and help create a level playing field across the region.

顾名思义，这项规定将更加强调信息披露。SFDR是欧盟更广泛的可持续金融框架的一部分，该框架得到了一系列新的和增强的法规的支持，这些法规将适用于整个地区。该框架包括旨在促进整个欧盟可持续投资的可持续金融行动计划，以及一个新的分类法，通过可持续发展的视角对经济活动进行分类，并帮助在整个地区创造一个公平的竞争环境。

Many of the new measures are a response to the landmark Paris Agreement on climate change in December 2015, and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development published earlier the same year, which set out the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. SFDR and other regulations are also aligned with the European Green Deal, which aims for the EU to be 'climate neutral' by 2050.

许多新措施是对2015年12月具有里程碑意义的气候变化《巴黎协定》和同年早些时候发布的《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》的回应，该议程列出了17个可持续发展目标。SFDR和其他法规也与欧洲绿色协议保持一致，该协议的目标是在2050年之前让欧盟实现“气候中立”。

The most visible and impactful aspect of SFDR is the classification of funds and mandates into three categories, as laid out by Articles 6, 8 and 9.

如第6条、第8条和第9条所述，SFDR最明显和最有影响力的方面是将资金和任务分类为三类。

SRI

“SRI” means Socially Responsible Investing, and refers to an investment discipline that considers ESG criteria to generate long-term competitive financial returns and positive societal impact through targeted investment decision-making.

SRI 指的是对社会负责任的投资，是指考虑ESG标准的投资学科，通过有针对性的投资决策产生长期有竞争力的财务回报和积极的社会影响。

SSEI 可持续证券交易所倡议

“SSEI” means the Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative. The SSEI is a UN Partnership Programme intended to provide a global platform for exploring how exchanges, in collaboration with investors, companies, regulators, policymakers and relevant international organizations, can enhance performance on ESG issues and encourage sustainable investment, including the financing of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The SSEI webpage is available here.

“SSEI”指的是可持续证券交易所倡议。SSEI是一个联合国伙伴关系计划，旨在提供一个全球平台，探索交易所如何与投资者、公司、监管机构、政策制定者和相关国际组织合作，提高ESG问题的绩效，并鼓励可持续投资，包括为联合国可持续发展目标融资。

Sustainability Report 可持续发展报告

“Sustainability Report” means the report produced by an organization to inform stakeholders about its policies, programs, and performance regarding ESG and other matters. Sustainability reports, sometimes referred to as corporate citizenship reports, or CSR reports, are usually voluntary, and are sometimes independently audited and/or integrated into financial reports. There is a growing trend toward integration and assurance.
可持续发展报告“是指组织为向利益相关者提供关于ESG和其他事项的政策、计划和绩效的信息而编制的报告。可持续性报告，有时被称为企业公民报告或企业社会责任报告，通常是自愿的，有时被独立审计和/或整合到财务报告中。整合和保障的趋势越来越大。

Sustainalytics

“Sustainalytics” provides companies with an ESG risk rating score out of 100 and across five risk levels (negligible, low, medium, high and severe) based on industry-specific ESG indicators. Sustainalytics identifies areas of exposure to material ESG issues, analyzes management’s responses to manageable areas of exposure, provide discounts for controversies, and assign an overall ESG Risk Rating. Sustainalytics does not indicate whether it has a mechanism for companies to verify information or provide feedback on their ESG disclosure score. The Sustainalytics webpage is available here.
Sustainalytics 根据行业特定的ESG指标，为公司提供ESG风险评级，满分为100分，并涵盖五个风险级别(可忽略、低、中、高和严重)。Sustainalytics 公司确定重大ESG问题的风险敞口领域，分析管理层对可管理风险领域的反应，为争议提供折扣，并对ESG整体风险评级。Sustainalytics 没有表明它是否有一种机制，让公司核实信息或提供对其ESG披露分数的反馈。

TCFD

“TCFD” means the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. The TCFD published international recommendations for companies to disclose climate-related financial and physical risks and opportunities in 2017, which call for companies to undertake climate scenario analysis and report on their findings. The TCFD recommendations have been integrated into many of the other ESG and sustainability reporting frameworks, but companies have also published standalone TCFD reports. The TCFD webpage is availablehere.

TCFD 指与气候有关的财务披露特别工作组。TCFD发布了2017年要求企业披露与气候相关的财务和实物风险和机会的国际建议，呼吁企业进行气候情景分析并报告结果。TCFD的建议已被整合到许多其他ESG和可持续发展报告框架中，但公司也发布了独立的TCFD报告。

Triple Bottom Line 三重底线

“Triple Bottom Line” or “TBL” or “3BL” means the accounting framework originally developed in an effort to measure sustainability. TBL goes beyond traditional measures to incorporate three additional dimensions of performance: social, environmental (or ecological) and economic.
“三重底线”或“三重底线”或“三重底线”是指最初为衡量可持续性而开发的会计框架。TBL超越了传统的衡量标准，纳入了三个额外的绩效维度：社会、环境(或生态)和经济。

UNGC 联合国全球契约

“UNGC” means the United Nations Global Compact, a non-binding United Nations pact to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies, and to report on their implementation. The UNGC webpage is available here.
联合国全球契约“是指联合国全球契约，这是一个不具约束力的联合国契约，旨在鼓励世界各地的企业采取可持续和对社会负责的政策，并报告其执行情况。

UNPRB

“UNPRB” means the United Nations Principles for Responsible Banking; please see the entry in this glossary, available here, for more detail.
UNPRB“指的是”联合国负责任银行原则“。

UNPRI

“UNPRI” means the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment; please see the entry in this glossary, available here, for more detail.
《联合国负责任投资原则》是指《联合国负责任投资原则》；更多细节，请参阅该词汇中的条目。

WFE ESG Guidance and Metrics

“WFE ESG Guidance and Metrics” mean the World Federation Exchanges ESG Guidance and Metrics, which are published for member exchanges to consider to “introduce, improve or require ESG reporting in their markets. More information on the WFE is available on their webpage here.

WFE ESG指南和指标“是指世界联合会交换ESG指南和指标，这些指南和指标被公布，供会员交易所考虑”在其市场引入、改进或要求ESG报告。