mESG 应用:可持续供应链 sustainable-supply-chain | ohESG | ESG 指南 | 可持续发展报告指南

ESG 应用:可持续供应链 sustainable-supply-chain

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可持续供应链

什么是可持续供应链

Quote techtarget.comopen in new window

Sustainable supply chain, equal supply chain sustainability, is :

a holistic view of supply chain processes, logistics and technologies that affect the environmental, social, economic and legal aspects of a supply chain's components. Typically, sustainability initiatives include identifying the source of raw materials, ensuring good conditions for workers and reducing the carbon footprint.

历史上,供应链只是关于物流和知道货物何时何地移动,但数字供应链的兴起和伴随的可见性和分析工具为公司提供了收集数据的能力,以了解供应链中的每个组成部分如何展示企业的社会责任。这种透明度促进了负责任采购的概念,并鼓励供应链伙伴开发和分享绿色运营和物流的最佳实践。它还允许潜在的合作伙伴证明其符合工人安全、环境保护和商业道德的行业最佳标准。

影响可持续供应链的因素包括废物量、碳足迹和排放、空气污染、侵犯劳工、砍伐森林以及工人的健康和安全。可持续供应链是基于这样的原则:对社会负责的产品和做法不仅对地球和生活在这里的人有好处,而且对建立积极的品牌意识、最大限度地减少环境影响和提高长期盈利能力也有好处。

在大公司中,展示供应链可持续性的任务可能会交给供应链分析员或可持续性官员。除了制定和实施支持可持续发展的计划和流程外,这项工作还可能涉及对新的供应商进行资格审查,确保实现交付和质量性能目标,并支持供应商多样性政策。

国际可持续供应链管理政策

世界各国可持续供应链:

  • 欧盟:《包装和包装废物94/62指令》、《关于报废电子电气设备指令(WEEE)》、《冲突矿产规则》等指令,针对原材料采购、生产、运输、分销及回收等供应链环节;
  • 英国:《加强英国制造业供应链政府和产业行动计划》将可持续供应链提升到国家战略高度;
  • 美国:《国家环境政策法》、《资源保护与回收法案》、《包装中的毒物》、《环境标志制度》、《绿色采购制度》《通过废弃物减量、资源回收及联邦采购来绿化政府行动》等一系列有关绿色供应链管理的法律法规。

中国政府绿色供应链建设

国务院及相关部委围绕绿色供应链的各个环节制定了规范性指导文件,如《企业绿色采购指南open in new window》《绿色制造工程实施指南(2016-2020年)open in new window》等鼓励企业推行可持续供应链管理,提升企业核心竞争力。

地方政府

《关于“十三五”期间天津市节能与工业绿色发展先进单位创建奖励政策的通知》、《江苏省绿色制造体系创建实施方案》等,其中部分地区为支持供应链的可持续发展,对于示范企业给予一定额度的资金奖励。

可持续供应链信息披露

  • 2018年上海证券交易所组织制定《上海证券交易所上市公司环境、社会和公司治理信息披露指引》并进入征求意见阶段,该征求意见稿进一步明确要求企业披露供应链环境、社会层面的审核制度及程序

  • 2019年5月香港交易所发布《环境、社会及管治指引》(征求意见稿), 要求企业识别供应链每个环节的环境及社会风险的惯例,以及相关执行及监察方法;并描述在拣选供货商时促使多用环保产品及服务的惯例

其他利益相关方

IPE与美国NRDC联合发布绿色供应链CITI指数,针对16个行业306家企业在供应链责任管理、环境风险、应对气候变化以及节能减排等层面进行评估,以促进国内外大型品牌关注供应链的环境表现,用绿色采购带动绿色生产,将环境信息更有效地转化为大规模的污染减排。其CITI指数已被中外众多品牌纳入采购审核标准。

金融机构的作用

很多供应商,特别是微型和中小型企业,依赖交易商提供资金来支持它们所需的短期和出口前现金流,因为它们无法从正规金融部门获得融资。

通过动员金融机构来发挥更重要的作用,来重新形成供应链中的资金流动,将会对微型和中小型生产商产生巨大的发展影响。

金融机构的需要和可提供的服务见以下概述:

提供方需要什么可以提供什么
金融机构将市场看作一个新的可行的商业机会为客户量身定制融资(为种植者或供应商提供短期/中期/长期融资)
在最低风险下进入这个新的业务线就如何将可持续性标准纳入金融机构风险分析提供建议
帮助了解可持续性标准,如何了解信贷风险,确定业务发展机会增值产品

Benefits of Supply Chain Sustainability

This part quote from oracle netsuiteopen in new window

Supply chain sustainability benefits not only companies’ own interests and those of their stakeholders but also society and the planet at large. Companies have realized that climate change, for example, can put their business continuity at risk with extreme weather disruptions and growing resource scarcities.

Here are five frequently cited business activities that benefit from sustainability:

Supply chain operations: Recent examples show that energy costs decrease, for example, as companies set emission targets with suppliers and help them identify potential areas for improvement.

Branding: Consumers are more concerned than ever about where products come from and how they’re produced. Researchers at MIT’s Sloan School of Managementopen in new window found that consumers may pay 2-10% more for products that provide supply chain transparency.

Investor relations: Institutional investors are keenly aware of the reputational risk of unsustainable supply chain operations. In recent years, the media has reported many irresponsible supply chain practices, and in some cases, it’s hurt a given company’s stock prices. These accounts have revealed businesses sourcing electronics from overseas, maintaining hazardous working conditions, using suppliers that routinely polluted local rivers, and procuring defective components or toxic materials. It’s also worth noting that nearly half of investors in a recent Gallup pollopen in new window expressed interest in sustainable investment funds.

Corporate culture: Millennials, in particular, seek greater purpose in their work, according to demographers. Successfully hiring and retaining employees often depends on a company’s corporate culture and values, and sustainability plays a key role in that.

Compliance: Governments around the world are mandating greater supply chain sustainability, in part to meet the United Nations’ 2030 deadline for achieving Sustainable Development Goals, like clean water for all. Government regulations cover many areas, including the traceability of pharmaceuticals, disposal of electronics and avoidance of conflict minerals.

如何建立或改善可持续供应链

  1. 识别整个供应链中的关键问题和需要改进的地方。供应链的环境影响是生产和运营过程中每个步骤的积累。因此,企业应该了解排放和风险最大的地方,以便改进。
  2. 使用供应链管理和测量工具来帮助跟踪进展和发现弱点。可持续发展联盟(The Sustainability Consortium)、世界野生动物基金会(World Wildlife Fund)和可持续发展会计准则委员会(The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board)等组织已经创建了指导方针和关键绩效指标(KPIopen in new window),可以帮助消费企业朝着他们的环境目标前进。
  3. 设定反映全球可持续性目标(UN SDGs)的供应链可持续性目标。公司应围绕科学建议和政府法规做出努力,为全球可持续发展议程贡献最大的影响,并向碳中和方向发展。
  4. 选择并与其他可持续发展的供应商合作。制造商之间的合作和资源组合的做法可以帮助企业减少浪费、成本和环境风险。例如,共享交付模式(sharing modes of delivery)可以通过确保多个半空的车辆不被送往同一方向而减少污染。
  5. 在整个过程中保持问责制。为确保责任到位的过程是例行审计、实施可持续发展计划和团队、跟踪影响的软件工具以及面向客户的目标和进度报告。
  6. 购买碳排放权(碳资产)。对供应链控制较少的组织或想开始产生直接影响的组织也可以考虑购买碳排放权(碳资产)。这些信用额度有助于通过投资于环境友好的举措来抵消一个组织的碳排放。

附:

BSR 负责任采购 指南 open in new window

工具篇:数字技术与可持续供应链

本部分引用自 SAP.cnopen in new window

如何打造可持续供应链?这离不开数字化技术的支持,通过供应链数字化转型,企业能够满足并超越可持续发展基准,同时开展创新并实现业务增长。

  • 人工智能:人工智能技术能够帮助企业管理和分析供应链上的多个不同的数据集。人工智能的一大优势在于,能够帮助企业打造可持续供应链,实现同步联运和协同运输。这意味着,企业能够追踪包裹的状态和位置,实时充分利用联合运输机会,或者在时间允许的情况下减少物流资源投入。

  • 机器学习:作为人工智能的一种,机器学习利用大数据帮助系统和互联设备做出实时调整,发现模式,从经验中学习,并且让响应迅速的敏捷工作流实现自动化。对于供应链经理而言,该流程的运营优化措施可以显著减少浪费和能耗。

  • 机器人和自动化:自 2020 年年初以来,网上购物已经增加了 149% 以上。考虑到许多客户期望商品快速送达或次日送达,我们也在尽可能地提升仓储能力和最后一公里配送能力。借助智能自动化解决方案,企业能够优化电子无人机和库存管理机器人等自动化工具,从而提高工作流效率,优化能耗,并节省物流网络中的化石燃料用量。

  • 增材制造:增材制造也称为 3D 打印技术,支持公司维护虚拟库存,并按需备货。采用就地生产以及按需生产方式,企业不仅可以省去海外运输和包装中使用的化石燃料和其他资源,还可以将供应链循环中的回收塑料用作 3D 制造的基础材料。

  • 工业物联网 (IIoT):如果企业内部的互联设备和机器配有唯一的标识符,并且能够发送和接收数字数据,那么这些机器和设备就会成为工业物联网网络的一部分。可持续供应链中的资产智能有助于优化机器性能,并实现维护流程自动化,从而减少能耗,消除工作流中的冗余。

  • 区块链:在可持续供应链中,区块链尤其适用于作为单一的真实数据源。通过使用传感器,企业可以准确地追溯产品和材料的来源,在所有供应链环节消除对产品和材料来源、质量及处理情况的猜测。

  • 传感器:RFID 设备和其他小型廉价的传感器可以在产品和原材料的源头或者在供应链的任意环节,轻松安装到产品和原材料上。如果合作伙伴和供应商遵守强制性传感器连接要求,企业就可以实现前所未有的透明度,尤其是在以前难以实施可靠监控的地区。

  • 现代数据库和 ERP:卓越的可持续发展解决方案基于内存数据库和 ERP 系统运行,这些数据库和 ERP 系统可以管理大数据以及各种复杂的流程。可持续供应链的技术和自动化要素依赖于预测分析和高级分析,以及这些集中的现代化业务系统提供的实时洞察。

附录

Sustainable Procurement Barometer 2021

可持续采购晴雨表2021open in new window

可持续发展已经成为一个备受关注的话题,并被越来越多地视为创新公司可以利用的竞争优势的来源。货源和采购是公司努力推动可持续发展的关键。然而,在从业者中经常有这样的疑问:究竟什么是可持续采购,谁应该参与,为什么应该这样做,以及如何实现。

这份来自斯坦福 Value Chain Innovation Initiative 的报告对这四个关键问题提供了答案。报告还讨论了COVID-19是如何影响可持续采购倡议的,并显示了这种做法对供应链复原力的积极影响。

本报告基于两项调查:一项针对买家,一项针对供应商;以在线问卷的形式进行,随后对部分参与者进行了深入访谈。在买方调查中,有159个来自世界各地和不同行业的公司的答复,而供应商的样本包括207家公司。

The Sustainable Procurement Barometeropen in new window, which is based on a survey of buyers and sellers from more than 350 companies, found that even as firms negotiated the challenges of the pandemic, most remained committed to integrating sustainability into their supply chains. In some cases, companies even increased that commitment.

That proved to be a worthwhile investment, helping companies that prioritized values like labor rights, human rights, and environmental protections across their supply base weather the pandemic better than they might have if they’d focused solely on profit margins.

斯坦福商学院文章:Sustainable Supply Chains Helped Companies Endure the Pandemicopen in new window 可持续的供应链帮助企业抵御COVID-19带来的负面影响

对于可持续采购的定义:

We define sustainable procurement as the adoption and integration of corporate social responsibility principles into a company’s procurement processes and decisions while ensuring stakeholder requirements are met. It encompasses sustainability as it relates to products, materials and supplier practices.

结论:

As a relatively recent addition to the executive agenda, sustainable procurement has grown exponentially in strategic importance. Across regions and industries, leaders have increasingly come to recognize that the adoption of sustainable procurement practices yields a tangible competitive advantage, enabling organizations to more effectively mitigate risk and build resilient supply chains.

Significantly, and despite widespread expectation to the contrary, the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have not undermined the prior expansion of corporate sustainability goals. Sustainability remains top of mind and, in many cases, its importance has increased as a consequence of the pandemic.

In addition to reflecting an increasingly broadly shared ethical consensus regarding the importance of sustainability, this circumstance reflects the fact that the majority companies surveyed, including buyers and suppliers, found that sustainability practices benefited their management of the crisis.

Furthermore, the wave of international protests witnessed last year around issues connected with social and racial injustice has deepened many companies’ commitment to increasing diversity and inclusion throughout their organizations. Again, this reflects the growing ethical and procedural salience of another key sustainability performance indicator in contemporary corporate practice. Sustainability, in other words, has come increasingly to be recognized as intrinsic to building resilience throughout rganizations and supply chains.

Crucially, the same trend can be observed with respect to midsize companies, a sector that is increasingly attracting the attention of regulators (such as the proposed EU supply chain due diligence directive) and investors (including private equity firms who invest in non-listed companies) concerned to promote sustainable business practices. While the economic impact of COVID-19 has inevitably constrained investment in sustainability among organizations with fewer resources, feedback from buyers and suppliers makes clear that the mid-size sector broadly shares with large enterprises an increasing commitment to sustainability and a recognition of the benefits such practices can accrue. Plus, many companies of this size are Tier 1 suppliers of multinational giants and, therefore, are uniquely positioned to drive sustainable procurement practices further down the supply chain. It seems clear, therefore, that the mid-size sector represents the next frontier of progress in the expansion of sustainable procurement practices.

样本:科思创供应商行为准则

科思创供应商行为准则中文版open in new window英文版open in new window