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欧盟碳监管 / 法规 / 消费者绿色声明指令

消费者绿色声明指令

英文名:DIRECTIVE (EU) 2024/825 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL。反洗绿;Green Claims 提案停滞,适用于面向消费者的绿色宣称。首次发布于2024 年。

官方编号
2024/825
关键时间
2024
适用对象
面向消费者的绿色宣称

01

法规的适用条件

本法规适用于下列主体:

  • 面向消费者从事企业对消费者(B2C)商业行为的商家(traders),包括生产者、销售者与服务提供者
  • 就产品作出环境声明、使用可持续性标签或比较工具,以及就耐久性、可维修性作出表示的商家
  • 成员国(须于 2026 年 3 月 27 日前完成转化,并自 2026 年 9 月 27 日起适用)

本指令为修正案,修订 Directive 2005/29/EC(不公平商业行为指令)和 Directive 2011/83/EU(消费者权利指令)。上述母法适用于在欧盟市场面向消费者从事商业行为的商家;本指令通过新增定义、禁止性做法及信息义务,规制环境声明、可持续性标签与产品耐久性等信息。独立的「绿色声明指令」提案已停滞。

下列原文条款界定了适用范围:

Article 1, point (1)(b) — Amendments to Directive 2005/29/EC (inserting definitions in Article 2, points (o) to (q))

the following points are added: ‘(o) “environmental claim” means any message or representation which is not mandatory under Union or national law, in any form, including text, pictorial, graphic or symbolic representation, such as labels, brand names, company names or product names, in the context of a commercial communication, and which states or implies that a product, product category, brand or trader has a positive or zero impact on the environment or is less damaging to the environment than other products, product categories, brands or traders, or has improved its impact over time; (p) “generic environmental claim” means any environmental claim made in written or oral form, including through audiovisual media, that is not included on a sustainability label and where the specification of the claim is not provided in clear and prominent terms on the same medium; (q) “sustainability label” means any voluntary trust mark, quality mark or equivalent, either public or private, that aims to set apart and promote a product, a process or a business by reference to its environmental or social characteristics, or both, and excludes any mandatory label required under Union or national law;

(b)增加以下各点: ‘(o) “环境声明”指在商业传播背景下,以任何形式(包括文字、图形、图示或符号表示,如标签、品牌名称、公司名称或产品名称)作出的、非欧盟或国家法律强制的任何信息或表示,其表明或暗示某项产品、产品类别、品牌或商家对环境具有正面或零影响,或比其他产品、产品类别、品牌或商家对环境损害更小,或已随着时间推移改善了其环境影响; (p) “泛泛环境声明”指以书面或口头形式(包括通过视听媒体)作出的、未包含在可持续性标签中,且未在同一媒介上以清晰醒目的方式提供具体说明的任何环境声明; (q) “可持续性标签”指旨在通过参照产品或工艺或企业的环境或社会特征(或两者)而将其区分并加以推广的任何自愿性信任标志、质量标志或等同标志,无论是公共的还是私人的,但不包括欧盟或国家法律要求的任何强制性标签;

Article 1, point (2)(b) — Amendments to Directive 2005/29/EC (adding Article 6(2), points (d) and (e))

(b) in paragraph 2, the following points are added: ‘(d) making an environmental claim related to future environmental performance without clear, objective, publicly available and verifiable commitments set out in a detailed and realistic implementation plan that includes measurable and time-bound targets and other relevant elements necessary to support its implementation, such as allocation of resources, and that is regularly verified by an independent third party expert, whose findings are made available to consumers; (e) advertising benefits to consumers that are irrelevant and do not result from any feature of the product or business.’;

(b)在第2款中增加以下各点: ‘(d) 在缺乏明确、客观、公开可得且可核实的承诺的情况下,作出与未来环境表现有关的环境声明,该承诺应载于详细且切实可行的实施计划中,包含可衡量且有时限的目标以及支持其实施所需的其他相关要素(如资源配置),并由独立第三方专家定期核查,其核查结果向消费者公开; (e) 向消费者宣传与其产品或企业任何特征无关、且并非源自该特征的利益。’;

Annex — Amendments to Annex I to Directive 2005/29/EC (adding points 2a, 4a to 4c, 10a and 23d to 23j)

Annex I to Directive 2005/29/EC is amended as follows: (1) the following point is inserted: ‘2a. Displaying a sustainability label that is not based on a certification scheme or not established by public authorities.’; (2) the following points are inserted: ‘4a. ‘Making a generic environmental claim for which the trader is not able to demonstrate recognised excellent environmental performance relevant to the claim. 4b. Making an environmental claim about the entire product or the trader’s entire business when it concerns only a certain aspect of the product or a specific activity of the trader’s business. 4c. Claiming, based on the offsetting of greenhouse gas emissions, that a product has a neutral, reduced or positive impact on the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions.’; (3) the following point is inserted: ‘10a. Presenting requirements imposed by law on all products within the relevant product category on the Union market as a distinctive feature of the trader’s offer.’; (4) the following points are inserted: ‘23d. Withholding information from the consumer about the fact that a software update will negatively impact the functioning of goods with digital elements or the use of digital content or digital services. 23e. Presenting a software update as necessary when it only enhances functionality features. 23f. Any commercial communication in relation to a good containing a feature introduced to limit its durability despite information on the feature and its effects on the durability of the good being available to the trader. 23g. Falsely claiming that under normal conditions of use a good has a certain durability in terms of usage time or intensity. 23h. Presenting a good as allowing repair when it does not. 23i. Inducing the consumer to replace or replenish the consumables of a good earlier than necessary for technical reasons. 23j. Withholding information concerning the impairment of the functionality of a good when consumables, spare parts or accessories not supplied by the original producer are used, or falsely claiming that such impairment will happen.’.

对 Directive 2005/29/EC 的附件I作如下修订: (1)插入以下点: ‘2a. 展示并非基于认证方案、也非由公共机构设立的可持续性标签。’; (2)插入以下各点: ‘4a. 作出泛泛环境声明,而商家无法就该声明证明相关的公认卓越环境表现。 4b. 当环境声明仅涉及产品或商家业务的某一特定方面时,却声称其涉及整个产品或商家的整个业务。 4c. 基于温室气体抵消,声称产品在温室气体排放方面对环境具有中性、减少或正面的影响。’; (3)插入以下点: ‘10a. 将法律对欧盟市场上相关产品类别内所有产品施加的要求,作为商家供货的独有特色加以呈现。’; (4)插入以下各点: ‘23d. 不向消费者告知软件更新将对含数字要素商品的运行或数字内容或数字服务的使用产生负面影响。 23e. 在软件更新仅增强功能特性时,将其呈现为必要的更新。 23f. 就含有为限制其耐久性而引入的特征的商品进行任何商业传播,而商家已知悉该特征及其对商品耐久性的影响。 23g. 虚假声称商品在正常使用条件下具有某种使用时间或强度方面的耐久性。 23h. 在商品不可维修时将其呈现为可维修。 23i. 诱导消费者早于技术必要时间更换或补充商品的耗材。 23j. 在使用非原生产者供应的耗材、备件或配件时,不告知商品功能受损的情况,或虚假声称将会发生此类受损。’。

02

法规主要要求

碳碳相关:价格、核算、申报、目标 环境环境相关:污染、废弃物、生态、产品环境属性
义务 触发条件 所需证据 关键时间
碳 绿色声明须可证实、禁止漂绿 面向消费者的环境声明须用统一方法证实并预先核查。 对欧盟消费者的营销与标签 声明依据、第三方核查 2026-09-27 成员国转化
03

关键条款 · 中英对照

碳环境 Article 1(2) — future environmental performance claims (new Article 6(2)(d) of Directive 2005/29/EC)

making an environmental claim related to future environmental performance without clear, objective, publicly available and verifiable commitments set out in a detailed and realistic implementation plan that includes measurable and time-bound targets and other relevant elements necessary to support its implementation, such as allocation of resources, and that is regularly verified by an independent third party expert, whose findings are made available to consumers;

作出与未来环境绩效相关的环境声明,但未能以一项详细且现实的实施计划作出明确、客观、公开且可核查的承诺,该计划包含可衡量、有时限的目标及支持其实施所需的其他相关要素(如资源配置),并须由独立第三方专家定期核查,且其结论应向消费者公开;

碳环境 Article 1(4) / Annex — prohibition of offsetting-based neutrality claims

Claiming, based on the offsetting of greenhouse gas emissions, that a product has a neutral, reduced or positive impact on the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions.

基于温室气体排放抵消,声称某产品在温室气体排放方面对环境具有中性、减少或积极的影响。

环境 Article 1(4) / Annex — prohibition of unsubstantiated generic environmental claims

Making a generic environmental claim for which the trader is not able to demonstrate recognised excellent environmental performance relevant to the claim.

作出泛泛的环境声明,而经营者无法就已获认可、且与该项声明相关的卓越环境绩效提供证明。

碳 Article 4(1) — transposition and application date

By 27 March 2026, Member States shall adopt and publish the measures necessary to comply with this Directive. ... They shall apply those measures from 27 September 2026.

成员国应在 2026 年 3 月 27 日前通过并公布为遵守本指令所需的措施。……自 2026 年 9 月 27 日起适用这些措施。

04

同主题或同阶段的其他法规

05

原文法规链接

依据:EUR-Lex 官方文本与欧盟委员会官方文件;引用前请核对官方版本。基准日 2026-10-09。本页为合规导读,细节以官方原文与主管机关解释为准;标注〔审议中〕〔草案〕的条目请以最新立法进展为准。

06

成员国相关规则与转化

下表列出与本法规相关的成员国规则或转化文本。状态仅表示文本的立法状态;转化文本不当然高于欧盟底线,是否存在额外义务以逐项说明为准,草案标为进行中。

国家 本国规则 状态 生效 义务
法国 产品环境品质与特征消费者信息法令环境法典 L.541-9-1;法令 2022-748(R.541-223) 已生效 2022-04-30 面向消费者的新商品及其包装不得标注“可生物降解”“对环境友好”或同等表述。库存可卖至 2023-01-01。
法国 碳补偿与碳中和广告宣称法令环境法典 L.229-68;法令 2022-539(D.229-106) 已生效 2023-01-01 广告中声称碳中和或同等表述,须同时公开温室气体清单、减排路径和剩余排放的抵消。
德国 反不正当竞争法第三次修正法BGBl. 2026 I Nr. 43 转化 2026-09-27 2026-09-27 起,不能证明卓越环境表现的笼统绿色声明,以及以抵消为依据的温室气体中性宣称,对消费者一律禁止。
西班牙 可持续消费法草案Anteproyecto;TRIS 2026/0294/ES 进行中 — 消费部草案;TRIS 静默期于 2026-09-15 届满。该咨询文本不是已公布的法律,后续立法状态须重新核验。
意大利 实施 (EU) 2024/825 指令(绿色转型消费宣称)D.Lgs 30/2026 转化 2026-09-27 2026-09-27 起适用。以温室气体抵消为依据的中性、减少或正影响宣称被列入一律禁止的商业行为。
荷兰 民法典修正法(转化 (EU) 2024/825)Stb. 2026/152 转化 2026-09-27 2026-05-27 签署。绿色声明规则自 2026-09-27 起适用。
波兰 反不正当市场行为法与消费者权利法修正法参议院印刷本第 825 号 进行中 2027-09-27 第 3 条写明 2027-09-27 起生效。笼统环境宣称和以抵消为依据的温室气体中性宣称列入黑名单。
比利时 经济法典修正法(转化 (EU) 2024/825)2026 年 7 月 22 日法律;官方公报 C-2026/005912 转化 2026-09-27 2026 年 7 月 22 日法律修订《经济法典》,转化 2024/825;绿色声明规定自 2026-09-27 起适用。
瑞典 可持续消费调查SOU 2025:124 进行中 — 2026-01-19 公布的政府调查报告,380 页。议会尚未通过。
爱尔兰 欧盟(赋权消费者绿色转型)条例 2026S.I. 124/2026 转化 2026-09-27 2026-09-27 起适用,落实 2024/825 的绿色声明与耐用性信息。
奥地利 反不正当竞争法 1984 修正法BGBl. I Nr. 58/2026 转化 2026-09-27 2026-07-28 公布。绿色声明黑名单自 2026-09-27 起适用。
丹麦 市场营销法、消费者合同法与消费者投诉法修正法Lovtidende A 2025 Nr. 558 转化 2026-09-27 2025-05-27 签署,落实 2024/825 的绿色声明规则。
罗马尼亚 不公平商业行为与消费者权利法修正紧急令OUG 18/2026 转化 2026-09-27 2026-03-19 的紧急令,载于 2026-03-26《官方公报》第 236 期。
捷克 消费者保护法与民法典修正案众议院印刷本 53/0 进行中 — 政府于 2025-12-08 提交,修改消费者保护法 634/1992。众议院进程页截至 2026-10-10 将其列入第 34 次会议(自 2026-10-13 起)议程;尚非现行义务。
葡萄牙 (EU) 2024/825 国家转化(尚未公布专门法)欧委会记录成员国转化逾期;本站未核验到已公布专门转化法 无已生效文本 — 截至 2026 年欧委会转化逾期材料发布时,葡萄牙未被及时完整转化列入;本站未核验到已公布的专门转化法。须另行核查葡萄牙后续立法及适用的一般消费者保护规则。
芬兰 消费者保护法修正法Laki 573/2026 转化 2026-09-27 2026-06-26 公布。营销与远程销售章 2026-09-27 起适用,货物买卖等章 2026-07-31 起适用。