EU ETS 指令

碳 Article 1 — Subject matter

This Directive establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (hereinafter referred to as the 'Community scheme') in order to promote reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective and economically efficient manner.

本指令在共同体内建立温室气体排放配额交易机制（下称“共同体机制”），以成本有效且经济高效的方式促进温室气体减排。

碳环境 Article 4 — Greenhouse gas emissions permits

Member States shall ensure that, from 1 January 2005, no installation undertakes any activity listed in Annex I resulting in emissions specified in relation to that activity unless its operator holds a permit issued by a competent authority in accordance with Articles 5 and 6, or the installation is temporarily excluded from the Community scheme pursuant to Article 27.

成员国应确保，自 2005 年 1 月 1 日起，任何设施不得从事附件一所列、并产生该活动对应排放的任何活动，除非其运营者持有主管当局依第 5、6 条签发的许可，或该设施依第 27 条被临时排除于共同体机制之外。

碳环境 Article 6(2)(e) — Contents of the permit

an obligation to surrender allowances equal to the total emissions of the installation in each calendar year, as verified in accordance with Article 15, within four months following the end of that year.

在每一年度结束后四个月内，缴回与该设施经依第 15 条核查的年度总排放量相等的配额的义务。

碳环境 Article 12(3) — Surrender of allowances

Member States shall ensure that, by 30 April each year at the latest, the operator of each installation surrenders a number of allowances equal to the total emissions from that installation during the preceding calendar year as verified in accordance with Article 15, and that these are subsequently cancelled.

成员国应确保，最迟于每年 4 月 30 日，每一设施的运营者缴回与该设施上一日历年度经依第 15 条核查的总排放量相等的配额，且该等配额随后被注销。

碳 Article 14(3) — Reporting of emissions

Member States shall ensure that each operator of an installation reports the emissions from that installation during each calendar year to the competent authority after the end of that year in accordance with the guidelines.

成员国应确保每一设施的运营者在每一年度结束后，按指南向主管当局报告该设施在该日历年度内的排放。

碳 Article 16(3) — Excess emissions penalty

Member States shall ensure that any operator who does not surrender sufficient allowances by 30 April of each year to cover its emissions during the preceding year shall be held liable for the payment of an excess emissions penalty. The excess emissions penalty shall be EUR 100 for each tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted by that installation for which the operator has not surrendered allowances.

成员国应确保，任何运营者在每年 4 月 30 日前未缴回足额配额以覆盖其上一年度排放的，应承担超额排放罚款。该设施每吨未获配额覆盖的二氧化碳当量排放，罚款为 100 欧元。

碳 Proposed amendment to Article 9 — linear reduction factor from 2031

The linear factor shall be 3.7% from 2031 to 2035 and 1.7% from 2036.

线性削减因子自 2031 年至 2035 年为 3.7%，自 2036 年起为 1.7%。

碳 Proposed amendment to Article 10a(1a) — CBAM factor phase-out schedule

The CBAM factor shall be equal to 100 % for the period between the entry into force of that Regulation and the end of 2025 and, subject to the application of provisions referred to in Article 36(2), point (b), of that Regulation, shall be equal to 97,5 % in 2026, 95 % in 2027, 91.5 % in 2028, 81 % in 2029, 59% in 2030, 48% in 2031, 37,5% in 2032 and 27% in 2033, 15% from 2034 to 2037. From 2038, a CBAM factor of 0 % shall apply.

CBAM 因子在该条例生效至 2025 年底期间等于 100%，并在符合该条例第 36(2)(b) 条所述规定适用条件的前提下，2026 年为 97.5%，2027 年为 95%，2028 年为 91.5%，2029 年为 81%，2030 年为 59%，2031 年为 48%，2032 年为 37.5%，2033 年为 27%，2034 至 2037 年为 15%。自 2038 年起，CBAM 因子为 0%。

碳 New Article 9b(1) — funding for international credits

Up to 260 million allowances from the Union-wide quantity of allowances referred to in Article 9 shall be made available to the facility for the purchase of up to 260 Mt of high quality and high integrity international credits, out of the international credits provided in Regulation 2021/1119/EU, to contribute to the climate ambition of the activities listed in Annex I from 2036 to 2040. All purchases shall be subject to the criteria of Regulation 2021/1119/EU being fulfilled.

自第 9 条所述欧盟配额总量中，最多 2.6 亿个配额可用于该机制，以购买最多 2.6 亿吨高质量、高完整性国际信用额度（属于条例 2021/1119/EU 所提供的国际信用额度范围），用以在 2036 至 2040 年支撑附件一所列活动的气候目标。所有购买均须符合条例 2021/1119/EU 的标准。

碳 New Article 10a(3b) — Invest in EU decarbonisation plan as condition for free allocation

For each five-year period for free allocation referred to Article 11, the decarbonisation investments referred to in point (a) shall correspond to a volume at least equivalent to the economic value of 100% of the amount of free allocation under the relevant five-year period. These decarbonisation investments shall qualify as eligible costs, be implemented in the EU and lead to significant emissions reduction at the level of the installation within the relevant five-year period for which that installation is applying for free allocation

对于第 11 条所述每个五年免费分配期，第 (a) 点所述脱碳投资所对应的规模，至少应相当于相关五年期内免费分配额度经济价值的 100%。这些脱碳投资须符合合格成本条件、在欧盟境内实施，并在该设施申请免费分配的相关五年期内使该设施实现显著减排。

环境 Annex I — inclusion of municipal waste incineration from 2031

Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC is amended to add installations for the incineration or co-incineration of municipal waste, applying from 1 January 2031 to non-hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour, excluding chemical recycling. The Commission must, by 31 July 2029, report on landfill registry and BAT conditions; where those conditions are met the installations are covered from 1 January 2031, otherwise the obligations under Articles 14 and 15 apply from 1 January 2034. — Reference: COM(2026) 616 Annex I(1).

2003/87/EC 附件一新增城市垃圾焚烧或协同焚烧设施：自 2031-01-01 起适用，针对处理能力超过每小时 3 吨的非危险废物，排除化学回收。委员会须在 2029-07-31 前就填埋场登记与最佳可行技术条件提出报告；条件满足的，相关设施自 2031-01-01 起纳入，否则第 14、15 条义务自 2034-01-01 起适用——依据 COM(2026) 616 Annex I(1)。

碳 Annex I — maritime coverage of methane and nitrous oxide; aviation from 2029

For maritime transport, greenhouse gases are expanded to include methane and nitrous oxide from 1 January 2026, with distinct activity descriptions for 2026-2030 and from 2031. For aviation, the scope is extended from 1 January 2029 to flights departing from a Member State, with derogations for operators whose annual emissions are below 1 000 tonnes and, for two different countries, below 10 000 tonnes. — Reference: COM(2026) 616 Annex I(1).

海运方面，自 2026-01-01 起温室气体扩展至包含甲烷与一氧化二氮，并分别列明 2026–2030 年与 2031 年起的活动范围。航空方面，自 2029-01-01 起将覆盖范围扩展至自成员国起飞的航班，对年排放低于 1 000 吨的运营人，以及往返两个不同国家且年排放低于 10 000 吨的运营人予以减免——依据 COM(2026) 616 Annex I(1)。

碳 Annex II — dynamic Market Stability Reserve parameters (2028-2040)

Decision (EU) 2015/1814 is amended to introduce dynamic MSR parameters with an annual reduction, from 2028 to 2040. For example, the total number of allowances in circulation (TNAC) upper buffer declines from 947 to 580 million allowances, the upper threshold from 833 to 510, the lower threshold from 400 to 245, the lower buffer from 300 to 184 and the release rate from 100 to 61 million allowances. — Reference: COM(2026) 616 Annex II.

Decision (EU) 2015/1814 经修正，引入 2028 至 2040 年逐年递减的动态 MSR 参数。例如，流通配额总量（TNAC）上限缓冲由 947 降至 580 百万配额，上阈值由 833 降至 510，下阈值由 400 降至 245，下缓冲由 300 降至 184，释放率由 100 降至 61 百万配额——依据 COM(2026) 616 Annex II。

碳 Article 4 — General obligation

Operators and aircraft operators shall carry out their obligations related to the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions under Directive 2003/87/EC in accordance with the principles laid down in Articles 5 to 9.

运营者和航空器运营者应依第 5 至 9 条所载原则，履行 2003/87/EC 号指令项下温室气体排放监测与报告相关义务。

碳 Article 12(1) — Monitoring plan

Each operator or aircraft operator shall submit a monitoring plan to the competent authority for approval. The monitoring plan shall consist of a detailed, complete and transparent documentation of the monitoring methodology of a specific installation or aircraft operator and shall contain at least the elements laid down in Annex I.

每一运营者或航空器运营者应向主管当局提交监测计划以供批准。监测计划应就特定设施或航空器运营者的监测方法作出详细、完整且透明的记录，并至少包含附件一所列要素。

碳环境 Article 19(2) — Categorisation of installations

The operator shall classify each installation in one of the following categories: (a) a category A installation, where the average verified annual emissions ... are equal to or less than 50 000 tonnes of CO2(e); (b) a category B installation ... more than 50 000 tonnes of CO2(e) and equal to or less than 500 000 tonnes of CO2(e); (c) a category C installation ... more than 500 000 tonnes of CO2(e).

运营者应将每一设施归入下列类别之一：(a) A 类设施，上一交易期平均经核查年排放量不超过 50 000 吨 CO2e；(b) B 类设施，超过 50 000 吨且不超过 500 000 吨 CO2e；(c) C 类设施，超过 500 000 吨 CO2e。

碳环境 Article 20(1) — Monitoring boundaries

Operators shall define the monitoring boundaries for each installation. Within those boundaries, the operator shall include all relevant greenhouse gas emissions from all emission sources and source streams belonging to activities carried out at the installation and listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC.

运营者应为每一设施界定监测边界，并在该边界内纳入该设施所开展、2003/87/EC 号指令附件一所列活动产生的全部排放源和源流的相关温室气体排放。

碳 Article 7(1) — General obligations of the verifier

The verifier shall carry out the verification and the activities required by this Chapter with the aim of providing a verification report that concludes with reasonable assurance that the operator's or aircraft operator's report is free from material misstatements.

核查机构应开展本章所要求的核查与活动，以出具核查报告，其结论为：运营者或航空器运营者的报告不存在重大错报的合理保证。

碳 Article 7(3) — Independence

The verifier must carry out verification in the public interest, and be independent of the operator or aircraft operator and the competent authorities responsible for Directive 2003/87/EC.

核查机构必须为公共利益开展核查，并独立于运营者或航空器运营者以及负责 2003/87/EC 号指令的主管当局。

碳 Article 8(1) — Pre-contractual obligations

Before accepting a verification engagement, a verifier shall obtain a proper understanding of the operator or aircraft operator and assess whether it can undertake the verification. For this purpose the verifier shall at least: ... (c) assess whether the engagement falls within the scope of its accreditation.

核查机构在接受核查委托前，应适当了解运营者或航空器运营者，并评估其能否开展该核查。为此，核查机构至少应：……(c) 评估该委托是否属于其认可范围。

碳 Article 10(1) — Information from the operator

Before the strategic analysis and at other points of time during the verification, the operator or aircraft operator shall provide the verifier with all of the following: (a) the operator's greenhouse gas emissions permit ...; (b) the latest version of the operator's or aircraft operator's monitoring plan as well as any other relevant versions of the monitoring plan approved by the competent authority.

在战略分析前及核查期间的其他时点，运营者或航空器运营者应向核查机构提供下列全部材料：(a) 运营者的温室气体排放许可……；(b) 最新版本的运营者或航空器运营者监测计划，以及经主管当局批准的任何其他相关版本监测计划。

碳 Section 1 — the 2040 target and the role of international credits

The EU has a legally binding target of a 90% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, set by amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1119, compared with 1990. The target includes the possibility to use a limited quantity of high-quality international credits to make an adequate contribution from 2036; this can be up to 5% of 1990 EU net GHG emissions, corresponding to a domestic reduction of net GHG emissions of at least 85% by 2040. — Reference: SWD(2026) 617, section 1.

欧盟经修订 2021/1119 号条例（《欧洲气候法》）确立了到 2040 年温室气体净排放较 1990 年减少 90% 的法律约束力目标。该目标包含自 2036 年起可使用有限数量高质量国际信用作出「适当贡献」的可能；其上限为 1990 年欧盟温室气体净排放的 5%，对应到 2040 年国内温室气体净排放至少减少 85%——依据 SWD(2026) 617 第 1 节。

碳 Section 4 — chosen option and the Industrial Decarbonisation Bank

The impact assessment examines three policy options and selects, as the preferred combination, a cost-effective cap trajectory combined with continued free allocation and reformed MSR parameters. It establishes an Industrial Decarbonisation Bank endowed with EUR 100 billion, focused on scaling up and rolling out mature technologies to complement the Innovation Fund, and integrates domestic permanent carbon removals into the ETS through the public sector. — Reference: SWD(2026) 617, section 4.

该影响评估考察三种政策方案，并选定以成本有效的总量轨迹、延续免费分配与改革后的 MSR 参数相组合为优选方案。设立规模 1,000 亿欧元的工业脱碳银行（IDB），重点用于成熟技术的规模放大与推广，以补充创新基金，并通过公共部门将国内永久碳移除纳入 ETS——依据 SWD(2026) 617 第 4 节。

碳 Carbon leakage, CCU and interactions with international measures

The assessment examines the interaction of the ETS with international carbon pricing, including the deduction of emissions already priced under the IMO measure in maritime transport and the deduction of CORSIA offsetting costs in aviation to avoid double pricing. It also considers the point at which carbon captured and used (CCU) is accounted for, with CCU credited downstream for products and, for e-fuels, at the level of the fuel distributor. — Reference: SWD(2026) 617.

该评估考察 ETS 与国际碳定价的交互，包括在海运中扣减已按 IMO 措施定价的排放、在航空中扣减 CORSIA 抵销成本以避免双重定价。评估还考察碳捕集与利用（CCU）的核算节点：对产品在下游核算，对 e-fuels 在燃料分销商层级核算——依据 SWD(2026) 617。