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ETS 修订(Fit for 55)

英文名:DIRECTIVE (EU) 2023/959 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL。配额收缩、免费分配变化、航空、ETS2 框架,适用于全行业,属 EU ETS 体系。首次发布于2023 年。

官方编号
2023/959
关键时间
2023
适用对象
全行业

01

法规的适用条件

本法规适用于下列主体:

  • EU ETS 覆盖范围经本指令扩大:原有附件 I 电力与能源密集型工业装置之外,自 2024 年起新增海运,并将建筑、道路交通及小型工业的燃料供应纳入新的 ETS2(附件 III,受监管实体)
  • 受该指令新规则约束的航空器运营人、海运公司,以及负责分配与监管的各成员国
  • (条件)因工艺改变导致热输入不再达 20 MW 门槛的装置,可选择继续留在 EU ETS 内
  • (条件)特定小型装置(年排放低于门槛)在成员国采取等效减排措施后可被排除

本文件为修订 Directive 2003/87/EC 的修正案;除另有规定外,本指令第 2 条自 2024 年 1 月 1 日起适用。

下列原文条款界定了适用范围:

Article 1(1) — amendment to Article 1 (Subject matter) of Directive 2003/87/EC

This Directive also provides for the reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to be increased so as to contribute to the levels of reductions that are considered scientifically necessary to avoid dangerous climate change. It contributes to the achievement of the Union’s climate-neutrality objective and its climate targets as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1) and thereby to the objectives of the Paris Agreement (*2).

本指令还规定,温室气体减排量应予增加,以助达到科学上为避免危险气候变化所必需的减排水平。本指令有助于实现《欧盟 2021/1119 号条例》所规定的欧盟气候中和目标及其气候目标(*1),从而有助于实现《巴黎协定》的目标(*2)。

Article 1(2) — amendment to Article 2 (Scope) of Directive 2003/87/EC

1. This Directive shall apply to the activities listed in Annexes I and III, and to the greenhouse gases listed in Annex II. Where an installation that is included within the scope of the EU ETS due to the operation of combustion units with a total rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW changes its production processes to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and no longer meets that threshold, the Member State in which that installation is situated shall provide the operator with the options of remaining within the scope of the EU ETS until the end of the current and next five-year period referred to in Article 11(1), second subparagraph, following the change to its production processes. The operator of that installation may decide that the installation is to remain within the scope of the EU ETS until the end of the current five-year period only or also of the next five-year period, following the change to its production processes. The Member State concerned shall notify the Commission of changes compared to the list submitted to the Commission pursuant to Article 11(1). 2. This Directive shall apply without prejudice to any requirements pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (*3).

1. 本指令适用于附件 I 和附件 III 所列活动以及附件 II 所列温室气体。凡因运行总额定热输入超过 20 MW 的燃烧装置而被纳入 EU ETS 范围的装置,如为减少温室气体排放而改变其生产工艺、不再达到该门槛,则该装置所在成员国应给予运营者选择:自其生产工艺改变后,继续留在 EU ETS 范围内直至第 11(1) 条第二分段所提及的当前及下一个五年期结束。该装置的运营者可决定该装置仅留在 EU ETS 范围内至当前五年期结束,或亦延续至下一个五年期结束。有关成员国应将与依第 11(1) 条提交委员会的清单相比发生的变化通知委员会。 2. 本指令的适用不影响依欧洲议会和理事会第 2010/75/EU 号指令产生的任何要求(*3)。

02

法规主要要求

碳碳相关:价格、核算、申报、目标 环境环境相关:污染、废弃物、生态、产品环境属性
义务 触发条件 所需证据 关键时间
碳 适用收紧的配额上限与线性减排因子 配额总量加速收缩,免费分配按基准递减。 ETS 纳管设施 配额账户、免费分配记录 2024 年起分阶段
碳 应对 CBAM 行业免费配额阶梯退出 钢铁、铝、水泥、化肥、氢、电力相关免费配额 2026–2034 年阶梯退出。 CBAM 覆盖行业的免费分配持有者 免费分配与 CBAM 成本测算 2026–2034
碳 履行航空与海运的新报告义务 航空与海运纳入 ETS,须按 MRV 报告排放。 涉欧航线航空器/船舶运营人 MRV 报告、航运公司报告 2024 年海运起、2026 年航空起
03

关键条款 · 中英对照

碳 Article 3ga(1) — maritime scope (50 % / 100 %)

The allocation of allowances and the application of surrender requirements in respect of maritime transport activities shall apply in respect of fifty percent (50 %) of the emissions from ships performing voyages departing from a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State and arriving at a port of call outside the jurisdiction of a Member State, fifty percent (50 %) of the emissions from ships performing voyages departing from a port of call outside the jurisdiction of a Member State and arriving at a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State, one hundred percent (100 %) of emissions from ships performing voyages departing from a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State and arriving at a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State, and one hundred percent (100 %) of emissions from ships within a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State.

海运活动的配额分配与缴回要求适用于:从成员国管辖港口出发、抵达成员国管辖范围以外港口船舶排放的 50%;从成员国管辖范围以外港口出发、抵达成员国管辖港口船舶排放的 50%;在成员国管辖港口之间航行船舶排放的 100%;以及在成员国管辖港口内船舶排放的 100%。

碳环境 Article 3gb — phase-in of surrender obligations (40 % / 70 % / 100 %)

Shipping companies shall be liable to surrender allowances according to the following schedule: (a) 40 % of verified emissions reported for 2024 that would be subject to surrender requirements in accordance with Article 12; (b) 70 % of verified emissions reported for 2025 ...; (c) 100 % of verified emissions reported for 2026 and each year thereafter ...

航运公司应按下列时间表承担缴回配额义务:(a) 2024 年报告的、依第 12 条须缴回核查排放量的 40%;(b) 2025 年……的 70%;(c) 2026 年及以后各年……的 100%。

碳 Amended Article 9 — cap adjustment and linear reduction factor (4,3 % / 4,4 %)

In 2024, the Union-wide quantity of allowances shall be decreased by 90 million allowances. In 2026, the Union-wide quantity of allowances shall be decreased by 27 million allowances. In 2024, the Union-wide quantity of allowances shall be increased by 78,4 million allowances for maritime transport. The linear factor shall be 4,3 % from 2024 to 2027 and 4,4 % from 2028. ...

2024 年欧盟配额总量应减少 9000 万个。2026 年应减少 2700 万个。2024 年应为海运增加 7840 万个。线性削减因子 2024–2027 年为 4.3%,2028 年起为 4.4%。……

04

涉及本法规的行业档案

05

同主题或同阶段的其他法规

06

原文法规链接

依据:EUR-Lex 官方文本与欧盟委员会官方文件;引用前请核对官方版本。基准日 2026-10-09。本页为合规导读,细节以官方原文与主管机关解释为准;标注〔审议中〕〔草案〕的条目请以最新立法进展为准。