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减排分担条例(ESR)

英文名:REGULATION (EU) 2023/857 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL。非碳定价覆盖部门的国家减排义务,适用于成员国(交通、建筑、农业、废物等),属气候目标体系。首次发布于2023 年。

官方编号
2023/857
关键时间
2023
适用对象
成员国(交通、建筑、农业、废物等)
主题
气候目标

01

法规的适用条件

本法规适用于下列主体:

  • 成员国(须履行2021—2030年温室气体年度减排最低贡献,覆盖国内交通(不含航空)、建筑、农业、小型工业和废弃物部门;各国2030年目标较2005年减少10%—50%,欧盟整体合计减排40%)
  • 冰岛与挪威(已同意实施本条例,承担有约束力的2030年减排目标,义务与灵活性同成员国)
  • (不适用)已列入 Directive 2003/87/EC 附件I 的活动所涉温室气体排放('海运'活动及仅为该指令第14条和第15条之目的所列活动除外)

本条例为修正案,修订 (EU) 2018/842 号条例(努力分担条例)。

下列原文条款界定了适用范围:

Article 1, point (1) — Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2018/842 (replacing Article 1 'Subject matter')

This Regulation lays down obligations on Member States with respect to their minimum contributions for the period from 2021 to 2030 to fulfilling the Union’s target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % below 2005 levels in 2030 in the sectors covered by Article 2 of this Regulation. It contributes to the long-term target of climate neutrality in the Union at the latest by 2050, with the aim of achieving negative emissions thereafter. It thereby contributes to achieving the objectives of Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1) (‘European Climate Law’) and the Paris Agreement. This Regulation also lays down rules on determining annual emission allocations and for the evaluation of Member States’ progress towards meeting their minimum contributions.

本条例对成员国规定义务,即其在2021年至2030年期间就实现欧盟到2030年将其温室气体排放较2005年水平减少40%的目标(在本条例第2条所涵盖部门内)所作的最低贡献。本条例有助于实现欧盟最迟于2050年实现气候中和的长期目标,并力求在此后实现负排放。据此,本条例有助于实现欧洲议会和理事会(EU) 2021/1119号条例('欧洲气候法')以及《巴黎协定》的各项目标。本条例还规定了确定年度排放配额以及评估成员国实现其最低贡献进展的规则。

Article 1, point (2) — Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2018/842 (replacing Article 2(1) 'Scope')

1. This Regulation applies to the greenhouse gas emissions from IPCC source categories of energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture and waste as determined pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and the Council (*2), excluding greenhouse gas emissions from the activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, other than the activity ‘maritime transport’ and activities only listed therein for the purposes of Articles 14 and 15 of that Directive.

1. 本条例适用于依据(EU) 2018/1999号条例确定的能源、工业过程与产品使用、农业和废弃物等IPCC源类别的温室气体排放,但不适用于指令2003/87/EC附件I所列活动('海运'活动,以及仅为该指令第14条和第15条之目的而在该附件中列出的活动除外)的温室气体排放。

02

法规主要要求

碳碳相关:价格、核算、申报、目标 环境环境相关:污染、废弃物、生态、产品环境属性
义务 触发条件 所需证据 关键时间
碳 配合成员国非 ETS 部门减排 建筑、交通、农业、废弃物等部门减排目标由成员国承担。 位于非 ETS 部门的经营主体 成员国年度 GHG 清单与政策 2021–2030
03

关键条款 · 中英对照

碳 Amended Article 1 — minimum contributions, 2030 target

This Regulation lays down obligations on Member States with respect to their minimum contributions for the period from 2021 to 2030 to fulfilling the Union's target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % below 2005 levels in 2030 in the sectors covered by Article 2 of this Regulation. ... This Regulation also lays down rules on determining annual emission allocations and for the evaluation of Member States' progress towards meeting their minimum contributions.

本条例就成员国在 2021 至 2030 年期间为履行欧盟目标所作的最低贡献规定义务,即在 2030 年使本条例第 2 条所涵盖部门的温室气体排放较 2005 年水平减少 40%。……本条例还就确定年度排放配额及评估成员国履行最低贡献的进展制定规则。

碳 Amended Article 4(2) — annual emission limits

Subject to the flexibilities provided for in Articles 5, 6 and 7 of this Regulation ..., each Member State shall ensure that its greenhouse gas emissions: (a) do not exceed, in the years 2021 and 2022, the limit defined by a linear trajectory ...; (b) do not exceed, in the years 2023, 2024 and 2025, the limit defined by a linear trajectory, starting in 2022 at the annual emission allocation for that Member State ... and ending in 2030 at the limit set for that Member State in column 2 of Annex I.

在遵守本条例第 5、6、7 条所规定灵活性的前提下……各成员国应确保其温室气体排放:(a) 在 2021 和 2022 年不超过按线性轨迹确定的限值……;(b) 在 2023、2024 和 2025 年不超过按线性轨迹确定的限值,该轨迹自 2022 年该成员国的年度排放配额起算……并于 2030 年达到该成员国附件一第 2 栏所列限值。

碳 Amended Article 5(1) — borrowing

In respect of the years 2021 to 2025, a Member State may borrow a quantity of up to 7,5 % from its annual emission allocation for the following year.

就 2021 至 2025 年而言,成员国可从其次年度排放配额中借用不超过 7.5% 的额度。

碳 Amended Article 5(4) — transfers between Member States

A Member State may transfer up to 10 % of its annual emission allocation for a given year to other Member States in respect of the years 2021 to 2025, and up to 15 % in respect of the years 2026 to 2030.

成员国可就 2021 至 2025 年将其某年度排放配额最多 10% 转让给其他成员国,并就 2026 至 2030 年最多转让 15%。

碳 Amended Article 8(1) — corrective action plan

If the Commission finds ... that a Member State is not making sufficient progress towards meeting its obligations under Article 4 of this Regulation, that Member State shall, within three months, submit to the Commission a corrective action plan ...

如委员会……发现某成员国未在履行本条例第 4 条义务方面取得足够进展,该成员国应在三个月内向委员会提交纠正行动计划……

04

同主题或同阶段的其他法规

05

原文法规链接

依据:EUR-Lex 官方文本与欧盟委员会官方文件;引用前请核对官方版本。基准日 2026-10-09。本页为合规导读,细节以官方原文与主管机关解释为准;标注〔审议中〕〔草案〕的条目请以最新立法进展为准。