EU carbon rules / Industry dossiers
9 dossiers 40 duties
Industry dossiers
Each dossier breaks the EU carbon rules facing that industry into five columns — duty, trigger, evidence, timing and legal source — so you can check them one by one. Industries are selected by EU import exposure; duties follow regulation-level sources.
01
All dossiers
| Industry | NACE | Core duties | Related regulations | Positioning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron, steel and steel products | NACE C24.1–C24.3 | 5 | Regulation (EU) 2023/956 · Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 · Directive 2003/87/EC · Delegated Reg (EU) 2019/331 (as amended by 2024/873) | The sector with the heaviest carbon cost under CBAM; downstream products are proposed to be covered in 2028. |
| Aluminium and non-ferrous metals | NACE C24.4–C24.5 | 4 | Regulation (EU) 2023/956 · Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 · Directive 2003/87/EC · Guidelines on EEI compensation | Indirect emissions (the electricity mix) are the main variable in CBAM cost; proof of green power is the competitive edge. |
| Cement, glass and ceramics | NACE C23 | 4 | Regulation (EU) 2023/956 · Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 · Directive 2003/87/EC · Delegated Reg (EU) 2019/331 (as amended by 2024/873) | Process emissions dominate; cement is directly covered by CBAM, and embodied carbon in building materials is spreading through public procurement. |
| Chemicals and fertilisers | NACE C20 | 4 | Regulation (EU) 2023/956 · Directive 2003/87/EC · Delegated Reg (EU) 2019/331 (as amended by 2024/873) · Directive (EU) 2024/1785 | Fertilisers and hydrogen are already covered by CBAM; organic chemicals and polymers are candidates for the next extension. |
| Batteries, machinery, appliances and electronics | NACE C26–C28 et al. | 6 | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 · Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 · COM(2025) 989 final · Regulation (EU) 2024/573 | The battery passport and carbon-footprint declaration are hard gates; metal parts in appliances and machinery face pressure as CBAM extends downstream. |
| Pulp and paper | NACE C17 | 4 | Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 · Regulation (EU) 2025/40 · Directive 2003/87/EC · Directive (EU) 2024/1785 | Not on the CBAM list, but EUDR timber traceability and PPWR recycled-content rules determine market access. |
| Transport and logistics | NACE H49–H52 | 4 | Directive 2003/87/EC · Directive (EU) 2023/959 · Regulation (EU) 2023/1805 · Regulation (EU) 2023/2405 | Shipping and aviation are directly priced by the ETS / FuelEU / ReFuelEU; freight surcharges are now standard. |
| Financial services | NACE K64–K66 | 5 | Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 · Regulation (EU) 2020/852 + DA (EU) 2021/2139 · Directive (EU) 2022/2464 · Directive (EU) 2026/470 | Selling financial products or managing funds in the EU requires SFDR sustainability-risk disclosure; ESG claims are bound by Articles 8/9 and cross-referenced with the CSRD and the EU Taxonomy. |
| Agriculture and forestry | NACE A01–A03 | 4 | Regulation (EU) 2024/3012 · Regulation (EU) 2023/839 · Directive 91/676/EEC · Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 | The CRCF provides voluntary certification for carbon farming and carbon removals; land-use and forestry emissions are accounted under LULUCF, and nutrient management is governed by the Nitrates Directive. |
02
Industry compilations
- Iron, steel and steel products Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE C24.1–C24.3
- Aluminium and non-ferrous metals Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE C24.4–C24.5
- Cement, glass and ceramics Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE C23
- Chemicals and fertilisers Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE C20
- Batteries, machinery, appliances and electronics Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE C26–C28 et al.
- Pulp and paper Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE C17
- Transport and logistics Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE H49–H52
- Financial services Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE K64–K66
- Agriculture and forestry Compilation + official text (PDF / XHTML) NACE A01–A03