EU carbon rules / Regulations / Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR)
In force Regulation Transport
Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR)
Mandatory deployment targets and technical specifications for alternative fuels infrastructure (as amended by Delegated Regulations 2025/656 and 2025/671)
- Reference
- Regulation (EU) 2023/1804
- Key date
- 2023 (applies from 2024-04-13)
- Applies to
- Charging/refuelling operators, fleets and transport infrastructure
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Who the regulation applies to
This regulation applies to:
- Member States — must set and implement mandatory national targets for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure and adopt a national policy framework (including light-duty vehicle charging, refuelling along the TEN-T, hydrogen stations, on-shore power supply and airport electricity supply)
- Operators of alternative fuels infrastructure — charging and refuelling facilities for road vehicles, trains, ships and stationary aircraft (including publicly available charging power targets: at least 1.3 kW per battery-electric light-duty vehicle and at least 0.8 kW per plug-in hybrid)
- Entities in the alternative fuels infrastructure sector responsible for user information, data provision and payment obligations
- (Condition) Distance-based targets along the TEN-T core and comprehensive networks; hydrogen refuelling stations at intervals of no more than 200 km and at least one at each urban node
This Regulation centres on mandatory national deployment targets and national policy frameworks, and applies mainly to Member States and alternative fuels infrastructure operators. Amended by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/656 (standards for wireless charging, electric road systems, V2G communication and hydrogen supply to road vehicles) and (EU) 2025/671 (new data types for alternative fuels infrastructure).
The following provisions define its scope:
Article 1 — Subject matter
1. This Regulation establishes mandatory national targets leading to the deployment of sufficient alternative fuels infrastructure in the Union for road vehicles, trains, vessels and stationary aircraft. It lays down common technical specifications and requirements on user information, data provision and payment requirements for alternative fuels infrastructure.
2. This Regulation also establishes rules for the national policy frameworks referred to in Article 14 to be adopted by the Member States, including rules for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in areas where no mandatory Union-wide targets are set and for reporting on the deployment of such infrastructure.
3. This Regulation establishes a reporting mechanism to encourage cooperation and ensures robust tracking of progress. The reporting mechanism shall take the form of a structured, transparent and iterative process taking place between the Commission and Member States for the purpose of finalising the national policy frameworks, taking into account existing local and regional strategies for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and their subsequent implementation and corresponding Commission action to support the coherent and more rapid deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in the Member States.
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What the regulation requires
| Duty | Trigger | Evidence | Timing |
Deploy alternative fuels infrastructure
Deploy charging, hydrogen refuelling and fuelling facilities on the road network according to mandatory national targets and meet power requirements. | Operating or planning infrastructure on the TEN-T and other road networks | Deployment list, evidence of compliance with power and distance requirements | Phased 2025 / 2027 / 2030 |
Provide user information, data and payment conditions
Public charging facilities must support transparent pricing, electronic payment and open static and dynamic data. | Operating publicly accessible charging points | Price and payment information, data interface description | Ongoing |
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Key provisions
Article 1(1) — subject matter
This Regulation establishes mandatory national targets leading to the deployment of sufficient alternative fuels infrastructure in the Union for road vehicles, trains, vessels and stationary aircraft. It lays down common technical specifications and requirements on user information, data provision and payment requirements for alternative fuels infrastructure.
Article 3(1) — light-duty electric vehicle recharging targets
Member States shall ensure that, in their territory, publicly accessible recharging stations dedicated to light-duty electric vehicles are deployed in a way that is commensurate with the uptake of light-duty electric vehicles ... at the end of each year, starting from 2024, the following power output targets are met cumulatively: (a) for each light-duty battery electric vehicle registered in their territory, a total power output of at least 1,3 kW is provided through publicly accessible recharging stations; and (b) for each light-duty plug-in hybrid vehicle registered in their territory, a total power output of at least 0,80 kW is provided through publicly accessible recharging stations.
Article 3(4) — TEN-T coverage requirements
Member States shall ensure a minimum coverage of publicly accessible recharging points dedicated to light-duty electric vehicles on the road network in their territory. ... along the TEN-T core road network, publicly accessible recharging pools ... are deployed in each direction of travel with a maximum distance of 60 km between them: (i) by 31 December 2025, each recharging pool offers a power output of at least 400 kW and includes at least one recharging point with an individual power output of at least 150 kW; (ii) by 31 December 2027, each recharging pool offers a power output of at least 600 kW and includes at least two recharging points with an individual power output of at least 150 kW ...
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Industry dossiers covering this regulation