EU carbon rules / Regulations / Heavy-Duty Vehicle CO₂ Standards
In force Regulation Transport
Heavy-Duty Vehicle CO₂ Standards
2030 reduction 45% / 2035 reduction 65% / 2040 reduction 90% (parent act 2019/1242 amended by 2024/1610 and further adjusted for credit calculation by 2026/1046)
- Reference
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1610
- Key date
- 2024
- Applies to
- New heavy-duty vehicles
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Who the regulation applies to
This regulation applies to:
- New heavy-duty vehicles — vehicles registered for the first time in the EU and not previously registered outside the EU: categories M2 and M3; categories N1, N2 and N3 not covered by Regulation (EU) 2019/631; categories O3 and O4 (i.e. heavy lorries, medium lorries, urban buses, coaches and trailers, covering almost all heavy-duty vehicle emissions)
- Heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers — must meet fleet-average CO2 reduction targets calculated per reporting period: -45% in 2030, -65% in 2035 and -90% in 2040 (the reporting period runs from 1 July to 30 June of the following year)
- Urban buses — 90% of new vehicles must be zero-emission from 2030 and 100% from 2035
- (Not applicable) Heavy-duty vehicles registered solely for the purpose of transfer to a country outside the EU and for a first registration period of no more than one month
This document is an amendment to Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 (Reg (EU) 2024/1610); the above are the amended provisions of the parent act, with fleet-average targets of -45% in 2030, -65% in 2035 and -90% in 2040. The reporting period runs from 1 July to 30 June of the following year. The parent act was further amended by Reg (EU) 2026/1046, which adjusted the emission credit calculation rules for the 2025–2029 reporting period.
The following provisions define its scope:
Article 1 — Subject matter and objectives (as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1610)
1. This Regulation sets CO2 emissions performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles. Those standards contribute to achieving the Union’s climate-neutrality objective and the intermediate Union climate targets, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1), Member States’ targets of reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2023/857 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*2), and the objectives of the Paris Agreement, as well as to ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market.
2. This Regulation also lays down requirements for the reporting of CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, new heavy-duty vehicles registered in the Union.
Article 2(1) — Scope (as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1610)
‘1. This Regulation shall apply to new vehicles, which have either been type-approved or approved individually under Regulation (EU) 2018/858 or which are referred to in Article 2(3) of that Regulation, and which belong to any of the following vehicle categories:
(a)
M2 and M3;
(b)
N1, N2 and N3, provided that the vehicles do not fall under Regulation (EU) 2019/631;
(c)
O3 and O4.
For the purposes of this Regulation, the vehicles referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) of the first subparagraph shall be referred to as heavy-duty vehicles. Vehicles falling under point (a) or (b) of the first subparagraph shall be referred to as heavy-duty motor vehicles.
The vehicle categories referred to in this Regulation refer to the vehicle categories as defined in Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858 and in Annex I thereto.’
Article 2(2) — New heavy-duty vehicles (as replaced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1610)
‘2. For the purposes of this Regulation, heavy-duty vehicles shall be considered as new heavy-duty vehicles in a given reporting period, if they are registered in the Union for the first time in that reporting period and have not been previously registered outside the Union.
A previous registration outside the Union that was made less than three months before registration in the Union shall not be taken into account.
This Regulation shall not apply to heavy-duty vehicles that are registered for the first time for a period not exceeding one month and that are registered for the sole purpose of transfer to a country outside the Union.’
02
What the regulation requires
| Duty | Trigger | Evidence | Timing |
CO₂ emission targets for heavy-duty vehicles
New heavy-duty vehicles must meet progressively tightening CO₂ limits (including the 2035/2040 end points). | Heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers | Emissions monitoring report, compliance evidence | From 2025 |
03
Key provisions
Recital / Article 1 — CO2 standards for new heavy-duty vehicles
This Regulation sets CO2 emissions performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles. Those standards contribute to achieving the Union's climate-neutrality objective and the intermediate Union climate targets, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 ...
Amended Article 3 (2019/1242) — Fleet-wide reduction targets
45 % for all vehicle sub-groups other than vocational vehicles for the reporting periods of the years 2030 to 2034; 65 % for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the years 2035 to 2039; 90 % for all vehicle sub-groups for the reporting periods of the year 2040 onwards.
Amended Article 3 — Zero-emission urban buses
A mandatory minimum share of zero-emission urban buses should reflect the societal need for affordable public transport ...
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Industry dossiers covering this regulation